1. 1 Sep 2007 Richard Paine, BoeingSlide 1 doc.: IEEE 802.15-07/XXXXr0 Submission RFID Wireless Standards Requirements Richard Paine Mathematics and Computing Technologies Network Technologies

2. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 2 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Agenda Situation-Target-Proposal Boeing’s Wireless Applications Group (WAG) WAG Principles Wireless Issues Existing Standards Need for RFID PHY and MAC Standards Beyond EPCGlobal

3. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 3 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Situation-Target-Proposal Situation – The Wireless Applications Group (WAG) developed a requirements and issues and architectural approach to wireless applications that are used in The Boeing Company. A document was written and published as OA 16-0-2. The document provides principles and direction for unlicensed frequency usage. The results of the WAG effort led to the creation of the Unlicensed Wireless Applications Spectrum Coordinating Committee (UWASCC). This group addresses the frequency requests from Boeing applications to use unlicensed frequencies. One of the WAG principles was to use the Boeing 802.11 Wireless LANs (WLAN) as much as possible for applications. The Boeing 802.11 WLANs use 2.4GHz ISM and 5.15GHz UNII frequencies. That left the other unlicensed frequencies like 125KHz, 13.56MHz, 433MHz, 902-928MHz, 1.9GHz PCS, 3.1-10.6GHz UWB, 4.9GHz Safety, and co-existing 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies for applications like cable replacements, RFID, and other miscellaneous applications. The other unlicensed frequency bands need to be brought into standard radios and standard protocols for more than one to work in any specific area. Our factories are high density radio environments. Target – Standards for the other unlicensed radio frequencies Proposal – Hold a series of meetings with the principal users and providers of wireless infrastructure and applications to develop standards for 125KHz, 13.56MHz, 433MHz, 902MHz (26MHz wide), and 3.1-10.6GHz UWB. Wireless Situation/Target/Proposal

4. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 4 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Manufacturers/ Suppliers Transportation/ Supply/ Theater Depots/TDCs POEs/PODs Distribution Centers/Depots Customers PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE Active and Passive Tag Roles

5. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 5 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Manufacturers/ Suppliers Transportation/ Supply/ Theater Depots/TDCs POEs/PODs Distribution Centers/Depots Customers PASSIVE PASSIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE Boeing Active and Passive Tag Roles

6. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 6 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Boeing’s Wireless Applications Group (WAG) Principles and Architecture Published in 2005 Preserve 2.4GHz for WLANs Preserve 5.15GHz for WLANs Late 2006 to Present – Other Unlicensed Frequencies 125KHz 13.56MHz 433MHz *865MHz (Europe) *902MHz (US and others) *960MHz (Japan) 1.9GHz 3.1-10.6GHz (UWB) 3.65GHz 2.4GHz (other than WLAN) 5.15GHz (other than WLAN) Red – Passive Tag RFID Frequencies

7. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 7 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 RFID Active Tags RFID Passive Tags Asset Tracking (Location) Supply Chain Cable Replacement VoWLAN and Data Sensors Line-of-Sight (LOS) Directional Delivery of Communications Emergency Lighting Wireless Application Classes WLANs can handle the application classes in “black”: Issue: Red applications may not be able to use WLANs

8. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 8 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Network Principles Leverage what is Intranet equipment (almost ubiquitous 802.11 WLANs) Do not interfere with 802.11 WLAN installed network 2.4GHz (ISM) and 5GHz (UNII+EU+WRC+Japan) deployments

9. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 9 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG Principles

10. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 10 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG Principles Principle 1: Underlying Wireless Communications Used by Wireless Applications Must be Secure Principle 2: Information on the Tags and Sensors Must be Capable of Being Secure Principle 3: Use Standards-Based specifications [IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee), etc] for Data Backhaul in Sensor Applications Principle 4: Use IEEE 802.11 Active Tags for RFID Principle 5: Develop a 850-960MHz Passive Tag Standard for Portal or Reader Point Passive Tag RFID

11. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 11 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG Principles (Contd) Principle 6: Frequency Management/ Wireless Network Operations will do a baseline scan before a wireless application deployment. Principle 7: Allow for Confinement of the Passive Tag Reader Energies to Confined Handheld Readers, Portals, Faraday Cages, and Gateways Principle 8: Transition of 915MHz Serial Cable Replacements to Zigbee or 802.11. Principle 9: Use of IEEE 802.11a/b Ethernet Extensions for Autonomous Wireless Devices [AWDs or Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)] Using Secure Mobile Communications Methods

12. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 12 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG Principles (Contd) Principle 10: An Enterprise Wireless Management Council be Established to Determine Spectrum Policy Principle 11: An Enterprise Wireless Technical Council be Established to Advise the Spectrum Management Council Principle 12: Maintain Railroad Charts for Wireless Technologies Futures

13. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 13 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG 2006 UNLICENSED WIRELESS STANDARDS EFFORT

14. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 14 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 2006/2007 Proposed Changes to WAG 2005 Closer look at IEEE 802.11n streaming video requirements. Need for Standards for RFID and other unlicensed wireless

15. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 15 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG Lessons Learned RFID is an immature technology (both active and passive) Attacking wireless applications was a correct approach WAG architectural approach now ready for modified translation

16. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 16 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 MRC Impacts RFID is a machine readable code MRC closely aligned with wireless applications MRC should align with WAG architecture MRC participation in the Frequency Management of Unlicensed Wireless Prepare for MRC/RFID/Intranet integration

17. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 17 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 902-928MHz (US Only) Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4a) Cable replacement frequency hopping (1W) – no accepted standard One of the EPCGlobal passive tag RFID frequencies Need controllable power levels Need steerable antennas Omni/directional/itinerant/proprietary/headsets/weather stations (43) Frequency Hopping Many apps requesting 902-928MHz use Need continuous monitoring of all unlicensed frequencies (7X24) – point to locations Proposal to manage proactively Have equipment (for sweeps in production areas) in the lab (looking at SYSTEMWARE) Moratorium on 902-928MHz in Everett being proposed Measurement/policy/procedure/authorization needed Policy and procedure should be developed by WAG Modeling needed, but direct measurement needed now [SYSTEMWARE, TECHTRONICS (in lab)]

18. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 18 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 902-928MHz (US Only) Contd How saturated is 902-928MHz? Network analyzers $75K-$350K Catalog the things found of the devices and the space they occupy White paper in the wireless integration compatibility group (787 onboard) Get a tool to determine the problem Plan and manage locally Background principles for the site WLAN general purpose frequency bands sancrosanct System of dynamic resource allocation required – no channel allocation allowed 787 frequency allocation database

19. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 19 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 865-868MHz (Europe Only) Europe only EPCGlobal Consortium only international standard claim ETSI worked on a PHY/MAC protocol set to standardize for Europe (EN 302-208) Need international Radio Standards Development Organization (IEEE, ISO, etc)

20. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 20 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 950MHz (Japan Only) Japan only EPCGlobal Consortium only international standard claim Need international Radio Standards Development Organization (IEEE, ISO, etc) One of the EPCGlobal passive tag RFID frequencies

21. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 21 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 2.4GHz Must coexist with IEEE 802.11b/g (meets coexistence criteria) IEEE 802.15.1 Adaptive Frequency Hopping IEEE 802.15.4 Low Speed (250Kbps) Zigbee

22. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 22 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 3.65-3.7GHz Contention-Based Protocols IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 protocols vying for the prize Light license band – anybody who can accept contention

23. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 23 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 5.15-5.85GHz UNII Band Will Coexist with UWB Cordless Telephones WLAN No standards equivalent of Zigbee (802.15.4)

24. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 24 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 3.1-10.6GHz Ultrawideband (UWB) with notches No standard (IEEE 802.15.3a failed to reach a consensus) Two contending consortia fell out of 802.15.3a: Motorola pulse UWB Intel + Texas Instruments (+consortium) MBOA OFDM UWB No use on airplanes over US (GPS concerns)

25. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 25 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 UNLICENSED WIRELESS VISION AND ARCHITECTURE

26. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 26 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 RFID Active Tag Vision and Architecture High value parts (low value parts if cheap enough) Network-connected devices (laptops, wireless print servers, factory workstations, etc) 2.4GHz and 5GHz 802.11 Active Tags

27. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 27 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 RFID Passive Tag Vision Passive Tag Gate(s) Passive Tag Gates Radio Energy Confinement 860-960MHz Passive Tags Tag does not contain sensitive data WORM and R/W tags need integrity protection International Wireless Standards Development Passive Tag Gate(s)

28. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 28 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Asset Tracking and Supply Chain Vision Location Computation Server Directory Location Distribution Server & Policy Location Requesting Client Passive Tag Gate(s) Boeing Intranet 866-957MHz Passive Tag RFID Systems (Internationally Available frequencies) RFID RF Containment Device Tags only have innocuous number unless they are equipped with encryption processor on tag Wireless Baseline Scans for every installation Integrity protection RFID Information Repository AAA Server WPA or WPA2 IEEE 802.11 or 802.15.4 915MHz Sensors IEEE 802.11 Active RFID Tags (innocuous number) Encourage new serial cable replacements to those that use WPA Enterprise RLAN/RFID Management Council Enterprise RLAN/RFID Technical Council

29. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 29 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Cable Replacement Vision Not approved for use within the Boeing Co. Cordless Telephones Wireless Keyboards (except approved Gyration keyboards in conf rooms) Wireless Headsets (With the exception of Plantronics CS50 and Bluetooth 1.2) Except >1.2 Technologies In Mode 3 (128 bit Encrypted) PRO 2781 states rules on cell phones

30. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 30 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WLAN and VoWLAN Vision Ubiquitous coverage of 2.4GHz and 5GHz WLANs 100Mbps Throughput to become the standard VoWLAN the norm by 2010 20022003 2.4 GHz x 11 mb (802.11b) Cisco 50,000 potential Boeing users (laptops+PDAs), 1,000 APs deployed 5GHz x 54Mbps Cisco (802.11a) 5GHz x 100 Mbps DFS & TPC Cisco (802.11n) 20042005 20062007 2.4GHz x 24Mbps Cisco (802.11g) Introduction Limited UseLarge Scale 2.4 GHz x 1&2Mbps IEEE 802.11 BENTAG 20082009 2010

31. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 31 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Flight Test

32. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 32 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Sensor Vision Aircraft Sensors (flight test, etc) Building Sensors

33. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 33 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Building Sensor Vision Sensors (Temperature, building infrastructure, etc)

34. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 34 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 LOS Vision WLAN with directional antennas

35. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 35 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 WAG 2006 UNLICENSED WIRELESS STANDARDS EFFORT

36. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 36 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Proposed Changes to WAG 2005 Vision and Arch Closer look at IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee) for cable replacements and sensors since 802.15.4 is as secure as 802.11 IEEE 802.15.4 has a coexistence plan with wireless LANs Help start International Standard (IEEE) Development Organization RFID Involvement

37. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 37 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Proposed Development of Wireless RFID Standard IEEE RFID PHY IEEE RFID MAC

38. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 38 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 ISO RFID Standards Bodies

39. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 39 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Wireless RFID Standards Required Needed Standards 125KHz 13.56MHz 433MHz *865MHz (Europe) *902MHz (US and others) *960MHz (Japan) 1.9GHz 3.1-10.6GHz (UWB) 3.65GHz 2.4GHz (other than WLAN) 5.15GHz (other than WLAN) Candidates for RFID SDO (IEEE) Wireless Standards Development * Passive tag RFID frequencies

40. E&IT | Mathematics and Computing Technology Sep 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Slide 40 doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/XXXXr0 Submission to IEEE 802.15 Straw Poll: Interest in pursuing passive tag RFID (with an interest group) in 802.15? Yes: 14 No: 0 Abstain: 29