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Published byDenis Singleton Modified over 9 years ago
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Farming SJCHS
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Plants Uses of plants Food Fuel (fossil fuels, wood, biofuels) Clothing Building Medicine
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Video- Egypt: Food for a Revolution
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Nutrition Malnutrition: A lack of specific nutrients Can occur in people who have enough food but not nutritious food Undernutrition: A lack of food
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Nutrition FoodFunctionSource Proteins/Amino acids Growth and repair of tissue Meat, beans, fish CarbohydratesEnergyVegetables, grains FatsEnergyOils, animals Minerals/VitaminsManyFruits, vegetables, Suppliments
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Nutrition Cereal crops: Grains used for food Cereal cropLocation grownImportance WheatTemperate regions (USA, Europe, Canada, Russia) Bread, pasta Economies depend on wheat trade Some types have protein
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Nutrition Cereal cropLocation grownImportance Maize/CornTropical and subtropical (USA, China, Eastern Europe/Western Asia) Animal feed Fuel Nutritionally poor- lacks amino acids
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Nutrition Cereal cropLocation grownImportance RiceChina East Asia Major source of food for East Asia Requires little post harvest processing
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Nutrition Cereal cropLocation grownImportance SorghumArid regions (Africa, Middle East, Central America) Food Animal feed Industrial Uses
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Nutrition Currently: 6 million people die of starvation each year 845 million are undernourshed mainly due to a lack of proteins, fats, minerals/vitamins
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https://www.supertracker.usda.gov/foodtr acker.aspx http://cironline.org/reports/map-world- food-statistics-2971
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Farming Types of Agriculture Industrialized/ High-Input: Farmers grow crops to sell High technology (machines), high input, high yield (amounts of food) Traditional/Subsistence: Farmers make only enough food for their families Low technology, low input, low yield
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Farming ProsCons IndustrializedHigh yield (high amount of food) Foods cost less for consumers Individual families do not have to farm High technology (uses machines)- has high costs High inputs of fuel, water, fertilizer, pesticides Environmental problems
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Video- Industrial Agriculture in the US
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Farming First Green Revolution: 1950-1970 In developed countries Farmers started to practice industrialized agriculture Growth of monocultures (only growing 1 type of crop)
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Farming Fertilizers After a harvest, nutrients are removed, chemical cycles are disrupted Fertilizers replace nutrients (especially nitrogen) Organic: Manure, compost Inorganic: Man-made chemicals
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Farming Pros Increase crop yield Cons Pollute water Costly Decrease soil quality
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Farming Pesticides: The use of chemicals to kill species that destroy crops LD50 (Lethal dose 50%): A test that determines how much of a pesticide kills 50% of a population Lower numbers means more toxic Persistence: How long chemical stays in the environment
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Farming Pros Increase crop yield Cons Populations become resistant Costly Some have high persistence Some can affect other species than the targeted pest
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Farming Second Green Revolution: 1967-Today In developing and developed countries Started by Norman Borlaug in Mexico
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Farming Scientists breed specialized versions of crops that are high yielding for the climate they will be growing in Farmers in developing nations also start to use industrialized agriculture methods
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Normal Borlaug video
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Farming Gene Revolution: Scientists are creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Pros: GMOs have a higher yield, are pest resistance, grow in harsh climates (droughts), or have more nutritional value Cons: Costly, can require specific levels of water/fertilizer
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Video- GMOs
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Video- Factory Farms and Organic Alternatives
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Farming Major problems with Industrial Agriculture Overuse of fertilizers, water, and pesticides Preemptive use of pesticides Soil degradation
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Farming Sustainable farming: Using farming practices that considers the long term ability of a farm to produce food AND the health of the ecosystem around the farm Polycultures (plant different crops) Organic fertilizers Efficient use of water Conserves soil
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Industrial Farming in India
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Farming Fertilizers and pesticides can pollute water and harm organisms (including humans)
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Farming Biomagnification: The concentration of a high-persistent toxic chemicals increases for organisms higher on the food chain Chemicals: Pesticides, PCBs, Mercury
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DDT video
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Farming Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Alternative to using large amounts of pesticides Steps: 1.Monitor crops for pests 2.Use cultivation controls (hot water, vacuum pests, remove by hand, trap) 3.Biological controls (introduce natural predators or pathogens) 4.Use small amounts of pesticides in a limited area
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Videos- Urban Agriculture
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