1. Latin II

2. numina- spirits or divinities who controlled all things in the Roman world fire, weather, seasons Give gifts to ensure numina use powers for good, not harm

4. promises of gifts, offerings or sacrifices made to ensure the god would grant a wish or favor How you communicated wishes to gods Had to be tangible

5. I give so that you might give

6. 1. Public ceremony, sacrifice before army went to war 2. Go to forum before business deal, safe voyage, birth of child 3. In your home- make offerings to Vesta or lares/penates 4. After the fact- make sacrifice to thank gods for granting a wish

7. attempts to discover the future how to tell what the gods were trying to say to you omen/omina- warnings or omens from the gods Many types of divination Myromancy- behavior of ants Cleromancy- rolling dice Myomancy- studying behavior of mice

8. haruspicy predicting future events/outcome of events by observing animal sacrifices and examining the liver predicting the future from the flight patterns of birds augury

9. Capitoline Triad- Jupiter, Juno, Minerva

10. -do ut des on a larger scale -if father looks after his family by praying to the gods, government officials must look out for the prosperity of the empire -Government officials were also priests and had to carry out sacrifices

12. -onlookers must be silent -correct type of animal -every word pronounced correctly -no one can trip, stumble, forget a step -animal must be willing!

13. -if rules broken- Gods angry and the entire ceremony done over!

14. -captured peoples allowed to keep own gods if they would also worship Roman ones -Romans were generally tolerant (except Christians) -locals encouraged to link Roman and native gods WHY?

15. Originates in East- Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor genius- protecting spirit of the emperor WHY?

16. Væ, puto deus fio -the act of becoming a god

17. As long as you took part in state religion, free to worship any other gods/participate in any other religion People did not see a contradiction, since there was no personal relationship with Roman gods

18. astrology- belief that events in a person’s life were controlled by the stars you can predict the future by studying the positions and movements of the stars

19. offered hope of life after death offered followers a one-on-one relationship with the divinity Isis Mithras Cybele