1. Unit 1 Lecture Chapter 1 and 2

2. Units Worldwide we use the metric system to measure Distance in meters Mass in grams Time in seconds Volume in liters

3. Measuring Metric system (SI System) based on units of 10 Kilo = 1,000 Deca = 10 Centi = 1/100 or 0.01 Milli = 1/1000 or 0.001

4. Units of Length 1 meter = 1,000 millimeters (mm) 1 meter = 100 centimeters (cm) 1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km) We always use millimeters, centimeters, and meters. We do NOT use inches and feet.

5. Mass Mass = amount of matter in something Mass is measured in grams We use digital scales to measure mass Ex: My toy truck has a mass of 25 grams.

6. Weight Mass is needed in order to calculate weight. Mass is the amount of matter something has. Weight is that amount of matter multiplied by gravity. Your mass stays constant, but your weight changes on different planets.

7. Volume Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Volume is measured in liters. We use graduated cylinders to measure the volume. Each line is a milliliter.

8. Meniscus When you are reading the volume in a graduated cylinder, the liquid may have a curve at the top. This curve is a meniscus. Read from the bottom of the meniscus.

9. Measuring Area Length x width = area L x W = Area Length is the longest side Width is the shortest side Area is in units squared Ex: m 2 or cm 2

10. Measuring Volume Length x width x height = volume L x W x H = Volume Volume is in cubed units Ex: L 3 or cm 3

11. Measuring Temperature Amount of heat something can contain Thermometers use mercury or colored alcohol inside a tube When the liquid gets hot, it expands and therefore the temperature is higher

12. Temperature Scales There are 3 temperature scales: 1. Fahrenheit 2. Celsius 3. Kelvin

13. Analyzing Data We use charts Bar Graphs Pie charts Line graphs All of these show data that has been collected

14. Line Graphs Line graphs are used to show change in a variable over time The horizontal axis is the x- axis The vertical axis is the y- axis Time is always on the x- axis

15. The Scientific Method 1. Find an issue, observe 2. Form a hypothesis (a statement) 3. Experiment 4. Record data (use a chart) 5. Analyze your data 6. Conclusion 7. Write out lab report

16. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a testable statement. Usually it involves “If, then” Ex: If I water my plants with milk, then they will grow less tall than if I used water.

17. Constants vs. Variables In each experiment you should have many constants and only one variable. Constants will remain the same. The variable will change. Ex: The plants, dirt, time, temp stay constant The milk vs. water is the variable