1. Gilded Age Pulling it all together…

2. Gilded Age and Race/Ethnic Conflict African-Americans –Civil Rights Cases (1883) –Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) –Lynchings –Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise” Anti-Chinese Agitation in West –Dennis Kearny –Chinese Exclusion Act Nativism in the East –New immigrants –Restrictions: 1882 Immigration Law; 1885 Contract Labor Law –American Protective Association – wants a literacy test –Labor unions seen as “foreign” / un-American

3. Reform Political –Civil Service Reform – Pendleton Act –City Bosses / Corruption exposed –Municipal services begin –Beginning of regulation of businesses: Interstate Commerce Act / ICC Sherman Anti-Trust Act Social –Social Gospel: YMCA; Salvation Army; –WCTU; Carrie Nation – Philanthropy

4. Politics Major trends –Close elections; consensus on most major issues –Big issues that divide: Tariffs & Surplus –High tariffs: McKinley Tariff (1890) –Cleveland fights for a lower tariff, but fails. Wilson-Gorman Tariff includes an income tax (struck down) Civil Service Reform –Stalwarts and Halfbreeds –Garfield assassination –Pendleton Act Monetary Policy –Inflationary aka “soft money” (paper money or bimetalism) –Deflationary aka “hard money” (gold standard) –Major issue in the 1896 election

5. Organized Labor Organizes in response to conditions in workplace: –NLU = first union; one big union for all workers; 8 hour day; crushed by Panic of 1873 –Knights of Labor = broadly organized; Terrence Powderly; women, men, African-Ams; skilled/unskilled; gets into bigger economic issues: safety concerns; cooperatives; etc. Hurt by 1886 Haymarket Riot –AFL: federation of smaller craft-based unions; skilled workers only; “bread and butter issues” (hours, wages, conditions)

6. Strikes Great Strike 1877 Homestead Strike 1893 Pullman Strike 1894

7. Debtors Organize Coxey’s Army (1894) –Reaction to the Panic –Called for government action (jobs creation) to help unemployed –Coxey’s Army marches to Washington, D.C.; arrested Populist Party (1892) –Political party formed to address concerns of farmers. –Roots in the Grange and Farmer’s Alliance movements. –Platform: calls for “free silver” (bimetallism) to spark inflation; graduated income tax; government loans to farmers; regulation of RRs; and Australian (secret) ballot. –Runs a presidential candidate in 1892; gains seats in western state legislatures and governerships. –1896 “fusion” with Democratic Party  both PP and DP endorse William Jennings Bryan; free silver is the major issue; fails to draw in urban/industrial workers.