1. Neurotransmitters: Catecholamines & Acetylcholine Chapters 5 & 6 Catecholamines  Dopamine  Norepinephrine  Epinephrine Acetylcholine Serotonin Glutamate GABA

2. Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitter Families

3. Structural features of catecholamines

4. Synthesis of Catecholamines “rate-limiting enzyme”

5. Catecholemines Some adjectives Dopamine (DA) – “dopaminergic” Norepinephrine (NE) – “noradrenergic” Epinephrine (EPI) – “adrenergic”

6. Storage of Catecholamines vesicular monoamine transporter protein (VMAT2)

7. Behavioral effects of reserpine http://home.caregroup.org/clinical/altmed/interactions/Images/Herbs/rauwolfi.gif

8. Dopamine Systems in the Brain Mesolimbic pathway – Reinforcement Mesocortical pathway – Planning Nigrostriatal pathway – Movement

9. Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease Difficulty moving Tremor in resting body parts Loss of balance, frequent falls Cognitive dysfunctions in memory, abstract thinking, language Premature death http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=82609&rendTypeId=4

10. Damage to the substantia nigra http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/neuroslides/slides/slide199.jpg

11. Causes of Parkinson’s Disease Degeneration of substantia nigra Less dopaminergic activity in basal ganglia Discovery of MPPP  MPTP and MPP +

12. A typical dopaminergic neuron

13. D 1 and D 2 receptors

14. Catalepsy can be produced by D 2 receptor antagonists

15. Norepinephrine http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/class/Psy301/Salinas/sec2/Brain/31.GIF

16. Role of the locus coeruleus in vigilance

17. Synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh)

18. Functions of Acetylcholine (ACh) Neuromuscular junction (movement) Central nervous system (learning and memory)

19. cholinergic synapse

20. Acetylcholine Receptors Nicotinic receptors – Neuromuscular junctions – Ionotropic (ion channel) – Curare works on these receptors Muscarinic receptors – Metatropic (second messengers) – Hippocampus, striatum Morphine – Also located in heart and smooth muscles Nightshade

21. Cholinergic synapses in the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS