2. Neural Communication

3. Ramon y Cajal Nobel Prize in Medicine 1906 Sketch of retina (1900) 1852-1934

4. The Nerve Impulse

5. Neural Communication

6. Otto Loewi Nobel Prize in 1936 Forced to leave Germany in 1938 Became US citizen in 1941 Worked at Woods Hole Institute Name pronounced as “low”

7. Loewi’s Experiment KW 5-2

8. The first known neurotransmitter acetylcholine first neurotransmitter identified (by Otto Loewi, 1921) Movement: causes muscles to contract Memory: dies in Alzheimer’s disease

9. Autonomic NT’s KW 5-17

10. Ach Pathways KW 5-19

11. Synapse structures KW 5-4

12. Steps KW 5-5

13. Step 1

14. ACh Synthesis Acetylcholine Bonded to form

15. Step 2

16. Step 3

17. Step 4

18. Step 5

19. Step 6

20. Modifying Neural Messages drug agonists - enhance potency of neurotransmitter drug antagonists - reduce effectiveness

21. Agonist and Antagonists Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving cell membrane Receptor site on receiving neuron Agonist mimics neurotransmitter Antagonist blocks neurotransmitter

22. Pain Killers Endorphins natural opiates natural key Morphine Opium poppy Agonist Naloxone Antagonist

23. Agonist and antagonist

24. Step 7

25. Reuptake and breakdown

26. AChE

27. Ach and AChE KW 5-11

28. NT characteristics KW 5-9

30. the catecholamines: –Dopamine found at substantia nigra and limbic system regulates emotion & movement –Norepinephrine found in brain stem and subcortex regulates emotion, reward, sleep, mood –Epinephrine Found adrenal glands may help regulate blood pressure Monoamine Neurotransmitters

31. Catecholamine synthesis KW 5-12

32. Catecholamines

33. Catecholamine Pathways KW 5-19

34. Neural Communication Dopamine pathways

35. Serotonin –found in raphe nuclei in brain stem –regulates temperature, sensory perception and sleep onset –LSD and antidepressants affect serotonin (antidepressants particularly affect serotonin reuptake) Monoamine Neurotransmitters

36. Serotonin

37. Serotonin Pathways KW 5-19

38. Neural Communication Serotonin pathways

39. Drug Effects

40. Classes of NT