1. Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

2. Inventions – which do you find most or least important? Writing and printing instruments Refrigerator Coca Cola Eyeglasses Braille printing Elevator Dynamite

3. Writing and Printing Instruments The writing instrument that dominated for the longest period in history (over one-thousand years) was the quill pen. Introduced around 700 A.D. The fountain pen's design came after the quill pen Lewis Waterman patented the first practical fountain pen in 1884. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press with replaceable wooden or metal letters in 1436. A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938.The British Government bought the licensing rights to this patent for the war effort.

4. Elevator Primitive elevators were in use as early as the 3rd century BC, operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. In 1853, American inventor Elisha Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable should break. Electric elevators came into to use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880.

5. Refrigerator At first people cooled their food with ice and snow The first known artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow in 1748 – but he didn't use it for practical purposes The first practical refrigerating machine was built by Jacob Perkins in 1834

6. Coca Cola In May, 1886, Coca Cola was invented by Doctor John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in expanses, so the first year of sales were a loss. Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine Asa Candler bought the formula for Coca Cola for $2,300. By the late 1890s, Coca Cola was one of America's most popular drinks

7. Dynamite Swedish engineer and inventor, Alfred Nobel built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. His construction work inspired him to research new methods of blasting rock. In 1860, the inventor first started experimenting with nitroglycerine. In 1867, Nobel received U.S. patent number 78,317 for his dynamite.

8. Braille Printing Louis Braille was born in 1809 near Paris. At three years of age an accident deprived him of his sight. He realized the vast world of thought and ideas that was locked out to him because of his disability. Louis Braille invented braille printing. It has been adapted to almost every known language, from Albanian to Zulu.

9. Eyeglasses Around 1000AD, the first vision aid was invented (inventor unknown) called a reading stone – magnifying glass Around 1284 in Italy, Salvino D'Armate is credited with inventing the first wearable eye glasses. The first known artistic representation of eyeglasses was painted by Tommaso da Modena in 1352. Otto Wichterle – invention of modern contact lenses

10. INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky. Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem a rozpočtem České republiky.