1. RIP2 (Routing Information Protocol) Team Agile

2. Routing Protocols Link State – OSPF – ISIS Distance vector – RIP (version 1 and 2) – IGRP (Cisco Proprietary)

3. RIP Interior Gateway Protocol Oldest Distance Vector Routing Protocol still in use Based on Bellman-Ford algorithm 1982 in BSD UNIX (4.2) Classful Routing protocol Designed for Modest size network

4. RIP Only best route is maintained (Route with lowest metric value) Number of hops as metric No Authentication

5. RIP Updates Sends Periodic Update and when topology changes (about 30 sec) Updates are sent to all the neighbor Sends Complete Routing table Slow convergence (Router typically waits for about 180 sec (6*30) to declare neighbor unavailable)

6. Response / Update message

7. RIP Message types Request Message – Command 1 – Specific Query about one or multiple address – If requested IP is 0.0.0.0 that mean Requesting complete Routing table Response Message – Command 2 – Unsolicited response (regular updates) – Triggered Updates – Build in response to Request

8. Count to infinity Router B sends complete (including information which it learned from router C) routing table to Router C In case of failure of link between C and D Router C will still think it can reach Router D via router B This will cause routing loop and traffic will be bouncing between Router B and C

9. Split Horizon Eliminate routing loops Used to eliminate count to infinity problem The updates received on interface 1 will not be advertised back on the same interface – Router B will not send the information back to C learned from C – In case of failure between C and D. Router C will declare the Router Dead and Network 4 unreachable

10. RIPv2 Classless Multicast address for sending updates Authentication Triggered updates Backward compatible Split Horizon with Poisoned Reverse – Router will send advertisement with metric value of 16 (unreachable)

11. RIPv2 Authentication Per message Authentication Only one Authentication type (Clear text password) First router entry Address family identifier should be FFFF to tell the receiving end that first entry is password If password is small then given length, it is padded with nulls (000..0)

12. RIPv2 Packet Format

13. Packet details Address Family Identifier – Used to identify which Route tag – Preserve externally advertised metric IP address – IP address of the Destination network Subnet mask – Subnet mask of the advertised network Next hop – Immediate next hop IP to which the router will forward the packets for destination

14. RIPv2 Compatibility with RIPV1 Fully compatible Compatibility Switch required – To disable use of Multicasting on outgoing messages When using RIP1 and RIP2 in network, a single subnet mask should be used, to avoid routing black holes

15. References RFC 1058 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1058.txt RFC 2453 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2453 Routing Information Protocol http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito _doc/rip.htm

16. Q & A