1.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 29 – Accessibility Outline 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Web Accessibility 29.3 Web Accessibility Initiative 29.4 Providing Alternatives for Images 29.5 Maximizing Readability by Focusing on Structure 29.6 Accessibility in XHTML Tables 29.7 Accessibility in XHTML Frames 29.8 Accessibility in XML 29.9 Accessibility in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 29.10 Testing the Accessibility of an XHTML Document 29.11 Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML 29.12 CallXML 29.13 JAWS for Windows 29.14 Other Accessibility Tools

2.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 29 – Accessibility 29.15 Accessibility in Microsoft Windows 2000 and XP 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments 29.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard 29.15.4 Microsoft Narrator 29.15.5 Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard 29.15.6 Accessibility Features in Microsoft Internet Explorer 29.16 Accessibility in Macromedia Products 29.16.1 Dreamweaver 29.16.2 Flash 29.17 Web Resources

3.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives In this lesson, you will learn: –To introduce the World Wide Web Consortium’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0). –To understand how to use the alt attribute of the img element to describe images to people with visual impairments, mobile-Web- device users, search engines, etc. –To understand how to make XHTML tables more accessible to screen reader applications. –To understand how to verify that XHTML tags are used properly and to ensure that Web pages are viewable on any type of display or reader. –To understand how VoiceXML and CallXML are changing the way people with disabilities access information on the Web. –To introduce the various accessibility aids offered in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Macromedia Dreamweaver and Macromedia Flash.

4.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.1 Introduction Web Accessibility Initiative

5.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.2 Web Accessibility Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Voice activation Visual enhancers Auditory aids

6.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.2 Web Accessibility

7.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.3 Web Accessibility Initiative Accessibility –Usability of an application or Web site by people with disability –Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 Priority-one checkpoints –Goals that must be met to ensure accessibility Priority-two checkpoints –Not essential, highly recommended Priority-three checkpoints –Slightly improve accessibility Quick tips

8.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.4 Providing Alternatives for Images alt attribute –Text equivalent of each item longdesc attribute –Augment alt attribute’s description D-link –Provides descriptive text about graphs and charts Emacspeak –Translate text to voice data

9.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.5 Maximizing Readability by Focusing on Structure Readability –h1 elements used to divide content into sections, not for emphasis Gunning Fog Index –Formula that produces readability grade when applied to text sample

10.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.6 Accessibility in XHTML Tables Linearized reading –Top to bottom, left to right Use CSS instead of tables

11.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline withoutheaders.html (1 of 3)

12.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline withoutheaders.html (2 of 3)

13.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline withoutheaders.html (3 of 3)

14.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline withheader.html (1 of 3)

15.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline withheader.html (2 of 3)

16.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline withheader.html (3 of 3)

17.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.7 Accessibility in XHTML Frames Frames often lack proper descriptions in title element –CSS as an alternative

18.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.8 Accessibility in XML XML Guidelines –Include text description for each nontext object on page

19.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.9 Accessibility in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Aural style sheets –Specify properties of voice Volume Pitch Pause Stress

20.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.10 Testing the Accessibility of an XHTML Document Bobby ( bobby.watchfire.com ) –Tests XHTML documents for accessibility

21.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.10 Testing the Accessibility of an XHTML Document

22.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.11 Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML VoiceXML –Enables computers to speak to users –Element form Presents information and gathers data –Element menu Provides users with options and transfers control –Element link Create an active link to home page Attribute next –URI navigated to when link is selected –Element grammar Marks up text user must speak to select link –Element prompt Instruct user to make a selection Attribute count –Maintains number of times a prompt is spoken

23.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline main.vxml (1 of 4)

24.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline main.vxml (2 of 4)

25.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline main.vxml (3 of 4)

26.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline main.vxml (4 of 4)

27.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

28. Outline publications.vxml (1 of 5)

29.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline publications.vxml (2 of 5)

30.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline publications.vxml (3 of 5)

31.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline publications.vxml (4 of 5)

32.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline publications.vxml (5 of 5)

33.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.11 Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML

34.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.12 CallXML A technology created and supported by Voxeo –Text-to-speech (TTS) engine –callXML tags –maxDigits attribute Maximum number of digits application can accept –termDigits attribute List of characters terminate user input –maxTime attribute Maximum amount of time to wait for a user response –onMaxSilence event handler Invoked when the maxTime expires –onTermDigit event handler Notifies application action to perform when termDigits selected – event handler Terminates telephone call when users hangs up

35.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline hello.xml (1 of 1)

36.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline isbn.xml (1 of 3)

37.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline isbn.xml (2 of 3)

38.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Outline isbn.xml (3 of 3)

39.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

40. 29.12 CallXML

41.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.12 CallXML

42.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.13 JAWS for Windows Job Access with Sound –Screen reader

43.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.14 Other Accessibility Tools Braille keyboard Ocularis EagleEyes –Translates eye movements into mouse movements

44.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15 Accessibility in Microsoft Windows 2000 and XP Accessibility Wizard

45.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15 Accessibility in Microsoft Windows 2000 and XP Fig. 29.11Text Size dialog.

46.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15 Accessibility in Microsoft Windows 2000 and XP Fig. 29.12Display Settings dialog.

47.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Large icons Color scheme Resize screen elements

48.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 29.13Accessibility Wizard initialization options.

49.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 29.14Scroll Bar and Window Border Size dialog.

50.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 29.15Setting up window element sizes.

51.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 29.16Display Color Settings options.

52.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.1 Tools for People with Visual Impairments Fig. 29.17 Accessibility Wizard Mouse Cursor adjustment tool.

53.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments SoundSentry –Creates visual signals when system events occur ShowSounds –Adds captions to spoken text and other sounds produced by today’s multimedia-rich software

54.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments Fig. 29.18SoundSentry dialog.

55.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.2 Tools for People with Hearing Impairments Fig. 29.19ShowSounds dialog.

56.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard StickyKeys –Allows user to press key combinations in sequence rather than at the same time BounceKeys –Forces computer to ignore repeated keystrokes ToggleKeys –Alerts users they pressed lock keys by sounding beep MouseKeys –Uses keyboard to emulate mouse movements Mouse Speed –Adjust mouse speed

57.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.20StickyKeys window.

58.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.21BounceKeys dialog.

59.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.22ToggleKeys window.

60.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.23Extra Keyboard Help dialog.

61.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.24MouseKeys window.

62.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.25Mouse Button Settings window.

63.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.26Mouse Speed dialog.

64.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.27Set Automatic Timeouts dialog.

65.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.3 Tools for Users Who Have Difficulty Using the Keyboard Fig. 29.28Saving new accessibility settings.

66.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.4 Microsoft Narrator Text-to-speech program for people with visual impairments

67.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.4 Microsoft Narrator Fig. 29.29Narrator window.

68.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.4 Microsoft Narrator Fig. 29.30Narrator reading Notepad text.

69.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.5 Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard Clicker 4 by Inclusive Technology –Ability to be customized

70.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.5 Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard Fig. 29.31Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard.

71.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.6 Accessibility Features in Microsoft Internet Explorer Fig. 29.32Microsoft Internet Explorer’s accessibility options.

72.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.15.6 Accessibility Features in Microsoft Internet Explorer Fig. 29.33Advanced accessibility settings in Microsoft Internet Explorer.

73.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.16.1 Dreamweaver Accessibility validation

74.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.16.1 Dreamweaver Fig. 29.34Accessibility Preferences window in Macromedia Dreamweaver.

75.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.16.1 Dreamweaver Fig. 29.35Image Tag Accessibility Attributes dialog in Dreamweaver.

76.  2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 29.16.2 Flash Fig. 29.36Accessibility dialog in Flash