1. Young Adulthood  Transition to Early Adulthood  Love and Relationships  Career Choice  Self-Concept  Personality Types

2. Transition into Early Adulthood Settling down: (ages 30-39) May increase the financial and emotional investments they make in their lives. May increase the financial and emotional investments they make in their lives. Many have been employed long enough to gain promotions and raises. Many have been employed long enough to gain promotions and raises. They'd often become more focused on advancing their careers and gaining stability in their personal lives. They'd often become more focused on advancing their careers and gaining stability in their personal lives. Many might have started a family though this trend is changing slightly. Many might have started a family though this trend is changing slightly.

3. Transition into Early Adulthood The transition to adulthood: The transition to adulthood: Occurs in adolescence Occurs in adolescence Begins in biology and ends in culture Begins in biology and ends in culture Is usually marked by full-time employment Is usually marked by full-time employment Is marked by economic independence Is marked by economic independence Involves accepting responsibility and consequences for one’s behaviors and choices Involves accepting responsibility and consequences for one’s behaviors and choices Is influenced by self-perceptions Is influenced by self-perceptions College graduates are increasingly returning to live with parents while seeking economic independence College graduates are increasingly returning to live with parents while seeking economic independence

4. Transition into Early Adulthood Some Factors that can affect our Transition into Early Adulthood: Relationships with our parents tend to change- Relationships with our parents tend to change- You may feel old living with your parents, but you are not quite ready to form a family of our own. You may feel old living with your parents, but you are not quite ready to form a family of our own. We want to try to form an identity as an individual, apart from our family. We want to try to form an identity as an individual, apart from our family. Acknowledging our needs and impulses- Acknowledging our needs and impulses- We know what we want to do and what needs to get done. We know what we want to do and what needs to get done. Trying to find our own strengths and weaknesses- Trying to find our own strengths and weaknesses- We have to try to enhance the strengths and to overcome our weaknesses. We have to try to enhance the strengths and to overcome our weaknesses. While trying to form our identity, we need to keep the ties with our families– While trying to form our identity, we need to keep the ties with our families– If we don't we are losing a great support network. If we don't we are losing a great support network. Learning to live comfortably in our own bodies- Learning to live comfortably in our own bodies- We are individuals. We are individuals. At this point in our lives we need to learn to accept who we are. At this point in our lives we need to learn to accept who we are. Self esteem can make a world of difference. Self esteem can make a world of difference. Learning to live in our new surroundings (if we leave home) and the loss of the financial security we had with our parents- Learning to live in our new surroundings (if we leave home) and the loss of the financial security we had with our parents- We are now in charge of our own space and life-style. We are now in charge of our own space and life-style.

5. Transition into Early Adulthood Early adulthood Early adulthood Average peak physical performance is between ages 19 and 26 (under 30) and this includes athletes Average peak physical performance is between ages 19 and 26 (under 30) and this includes athletes Usually during this time, people are healthiest Usually during this time, people are healthiest Most college students know what behaviors will prevent illness and promote health Most college students know what behaviors will prevent illness and promote health This is a time when most pleasures involve physical resources This is a time when most pleasures involve physical resources Gender and ethnicity are related to health behaviors and beliefs Gender and ethnicity are related to health behaviors and beliefs

6. Early Adulthood Obesity in adulthood Obesity in adulthood Is a serious health problem for many Is a serious health problem for many More than 60% in the U.S. are overweight More than 60% in the U.S. are overweight Determined by calculating BMI Determined by calculating BMI Many factors are related to obesity: Many factors are related to obesity: Heredity Heredity Leptin – a protein affecting food intake Leptin – a protein affecting food intake An individual’s metabolism An individual’s metabolism Environmental factors Environmental factors Ethnicity and race Ethnicity and race Gender Gender

7. Sexuality Heterosexual orientation Heterosexual orientation Attitudes and behaviors define the majority of Americans’ sexual patterns Attitudes and behaviors define the majority of Americans’ sexual patterns Most do not engage in kinky sex Most do not engage in kinky sex Adultery is the exception, not the rule Adultery is the exception, not the rule Men think about sex more than women do Men think about sex more than women do Lesbians’ and gay males’ attitudes and behaviors Lesbians’ and gay males’ attitudes and behaviors More accepted today in American society More accepted today in American society Early prenatal critical period may explain why sexual orientation is unchangeable Early prenatal critical period may explain why sexual orientation is unchangeable Many theories try to explain homosexual causes Many theories try to explain homosexual causes

8. Sexuality STICauseIncidenceTreatment GonorrheaBacterium 500,000 cases yearly in U.S. Penicillin, other antibiotics Syphilis 100,000 cases yearly in U.S. Penicillin Chlamydia 3 million people yearly in U.S. Antibiotics Genital herpes Virus 1 in 5 U.S. adults and adolescents No known cure, can be slowed with medications AIDS 4,000 13- to 19-year- olds in U.S. Genital warts5.5 million new cases annually Topical drug, freezing, surgery

9. Rape Sexual harassment and rape involve the use of power Sexual harassment and rape involve the use of power Rape: sexual intercourse without consent Rape: sexual intercourse without consent Definitions vary among U.S. states Definitions vary among U.S. states Victims are often reluctant to report it Victims are often reluctant to report it It occurs most frequently in large cities It occurs most frequently in large cities Actual rates are unknown Actual rates are unknown Male social training is blamed for high rates in U.S., almost 200,000 rapes reported annually Male social training is blamed for high rates in U.S., almost 200,000 rapes reported annually Rape is a traumatic experience for victims and those close to them; recovery varies among victims Rape is a traumatic experience for victims and those close to them; recovery varies among victims

10. Rape There is increasing concern about acquaintance or date rape There is increasing concern about acquaintance or date rape Coercive sex with a person known by the victim Coercive sex with a person known by the victim Rates appear highest for adolescent and college freshman women Rates appear highest for adolescent and college freshman women Strategies exist to reduce risks of date rape Strategies exist to reduce risks of date rape Sexual harassment takes many forms in many settings Sexual harassment takes many forms in many settings It involves use of power for sexual exploitation It involves use of power for sexual exploitation More women than men are victims More women than men are victims Victims can suffer serious psychological damage Victims can suffer serious psychological damage It is illegal and can be eliminated It is illegal and can be eliminated

11. Rape 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Attempted rape Completed rape Acquaintance OtherBoyfriend/ ex-boyfriend ClassmateFriend Offender % of sample

12. Love and Relationships Love Three big factors: Proximity ( Potency when referring to the learning process ) Proximity ( Potency when referring to the learning process ) Level of arousal Level of arousal Speed of onset Speed of onset_______________________________________________________ Matching Hypothesis: We pick people who are like us or at about our same level of attractiveness. Consensual Validation: We look for someone who will validate us. Occurs when our significant other supports our views or interests. Occurs when our significant other supports our views or interests. Then there can be an emotional bond. Then there can be an emotional bond.

13. Love and Relationships There are three types of love: Friendship love Friendship love Romantic/Passionate love Romantic/Passionate love Affectionate/Companionate love Affectionate/Companionate love

14. Love and Relationships Triangular Theory of Love: Creator: Robert Sternberg There are 3 components, which form 7 types of love: Intimacy Intimacy Compassion Compassion Commitment Commitment They are each placed at one point on the triangle and, depending on which components are present in the relationship, they give rise to the 7 different types of love: Intimacy: Liking someone (sharing, self-disclosure) Intimacy: Liking someone (sharing, self-disclosure) Passion: Infatuation Passion: Infatuation Commitment: Together for a reason (“we’re here for the kids”) Commitment: Together for a reason (“we’re here for the kids”) Intimacy & Passion: Romantic love (falling in love) Intimacy & Passion: Romantic love (falling in love) Passion & Commitment: Fatueous (no intimacy) Passion & Commitment: Fatueous (no intimacy) Commitment & Intimacy: Companionate love (best friend) Commitment & Intimacy: Companionate love (best friend) Intimacy, Passion, & Commitment: Consummate love (all of the above) Intimacy, Passion, & Commitment: Consummate love (all of the above)

15. Love and Relationships

16. Levels of Relationship Maturity: Creator: Kathleen White Self-Focused Level: Self-Focused Level: First level of relationship maturity where one person’s perspective on another person and/or relationship deals only with how it affects oneself. First level of relationship maturity where one person’s perspective on another person and/or relationship deals only with how it affects oneself. Role-Focused Level: Role-Focused Level: Intermediate level of relationship maturity where a person begins to see others as individuals. Intermediate level of relationship maturity where a person begins to see others as individuals. The perspective this person holds of others is stereotypic and centers around social acceptance. The perspective this person holds of others is stereotypic and centers around social acceptance. Individuated-Connected Level: Individuated-Connected Level: Highest level of relationship maturity where a person begins to understand oneself, while being aware and considerate for other peoples desires and dreams, looking out for others needs. Highest level of relationship maturity where a person begins to understand oneself, while being aware and considerate for other peoples desires and dreams, looking out for others needs. This is where people make a commitment to certain individuals with whom they share a relationship with. This is where people make a commitment to certain individuals with whom they share a relationship with.

17. Love and Relationships What motivates one to be attracted to another? What motivates one to be attracted to another? People actively seek out others to associate with People actively seek out others to associate with Familiarity is necessary for a close relationship Familiarity is necessary for a close relationship People seek others who are similar to themselves but opposites do attract in certain instances People seek others who are similar to themselves but opposites do attract in certain instances Physical attractiveness may not be the primary factor in establishing and maintaining a relationship Physical attractiveness may not be the primary factor in establishing and maintaining a relationship Standards of what is attractive are always changing over time and across cultures Standards of what is attractive are always changing over time and across cultures

18. Love and Relationships Falling out of love includes Falling out of love includes The tragic collapse of a close relationship The tragic collapse of a close relationship One person being taken advantage of by another One person being taken advantage of by another Betrayal of trust Betrayal of trust Emotions like depression or obsessive thoughts Emotions like depression or obsessive thoughts Being with someone who does not return your feelings Being with someone who does not return your feelings

19. Love and Relationships Women Women Need to be self-motivated and maintain their competency in relationships Need to be self-motivated and maintain their competency in relationships Cite lack of communication much more often than men as a cause of divorce Cite lack of communication much more often than men as a cause of divorce See conversation as interaction or involvement, while men see it as a source of information See conversation as interaction or involvement, while men see it as a source of information See listening as a way to show care and interest See listening as a way to show care and interest

20. Love and Relationships Men Men Have roles that are contradictory and inconsistent Have roles that are contradictory and inconsistent Live 8 to 10 years less than women (on average) Live 8 to 10 years less than women (on average) Are expected to be dominant in relationships with women, seeing them in physical terms and as inferior Are expected to be dominant in relationships with women, seeing them in physical terms and as inferior Often have too little interaction with their fathers Often have too little interaction with their fathers Need to reconstruct their masculinity in more positive ways, eliminating cultural stereotyping Need to reconstruct their masculinity in more positive ways, eliminating cultural stereotyping

21. Career Choice Creator: Eli Ginzberg Stages of development: Fantasy Stage: Fantasy Stage: Until eleven years old, we hold the view that the future has unlimited choices waiting for us to chose from. Until eleven years old, we hold the view that the future has unlimited choices waiting for us to chose from. Tentative Stage: Tentative Stage: From the ages of eleven to seventeen, we are in the transition from the fantasy stage of childhood to the realistic view of young adulthood. From the ages of eleven to seventeen, we are in the transition from the fantasy stage of childhood to the realistic view of young adulthood. Realistic Stage: Realistic Stage: From the ages of seventeen through the early twenties we are in a moratorium. From the ages of seventeen through the early twenties we are in a moratorium. At this time we finally focus on a certain career and select a job. At this time we finally focus on a certain career and select a job.

22. Self-Concept Creator: Donald Super Defined: A person's self-concept is a major contributor to one's career choice. Changes in a person's self-concept take place during adolescence and young adulthood. There are five changes involved. Crystallization: Crystallization: Around the ages of fourteen to eighteen an adolescent develops ideas of work in relation to their self-concept. Around the ages of fourteen to eighteen an adolescent develops ideas of work in relation to their self-concept. Specification: Specification: From the ages of eighteen to twenty-two they narrow their career choices and begin focusing their time and energy on attaining skills for their choices. From the ages of eighteen to twenty-two they narrow their career choices and begin focusing their time and energy on attaining skills for their choices. Implementation: Implementation: From 21 to 24, we complete our education and training and hit the work force. From 21 to 24, we complete our education and training and hit the work force. Stabilization: Stabilization: From 25 to 35 we make a specific career choice based on our education and training. From 25 to 35 we make a specific career choice based on our education and training. Consolidation: Consolidation: From the age of 35 and up we try to climb the ladder of success within our career. From the age of 35 and up we try to climb the ladder of success within our career.

23. Holland’s Personality Type Theory Defined: One needs to develop a correlation between a person's personality type and career. There are six basic career personality types: Realistic: Realistic: These people like to do things such as physical activities. These people like to do things such as physical activities. They enjoy creating things with their hands instead of people and ideas. They enjoy creating things with their hands instead of people and ideas. Investigative: Investigative: Scientific activities are dominant here. Scientific activities are dominant here. These people would rather work alone and are usually creative in scientific areas. These people would rather work alone and are usually creative in scientific areas. Artistic: Artistic: These people enjoy independence and freedom to be original. These people enjoy independence and freedom to be original. They don’t tend to like to follow many rules and regulations. They don’t tend to like to follow many rules and regulations.

24. Holland’s Personality Type Theory Social: Social: Their interests lie in the well-being of others. Their interests lie in the well-being of others. They generally feel things will work out for the best. They generally feel things will work out for the best. Enterprising: Enterprising: These are convincing and leading personality types. These are convincing and leading personality types. They are enthusiastic about what they do and like to get others interested as well. They are enthusiastic about what they do and like to get others interested as well. Conventional: Conventional: Structure and expectations are important to these individuals. Structure and expectations are important to these individuals. They are conscientious and efficient. They are conscientious and efficient.