1. EOC Review Packet #3

2. Biomolecules Comparison Chart Organic molecules are based on CARBON.
Use the chart in the packet comparing the following biomolecules in the venn diagrams:

3. Carbohydrates & Lipids
SUGARS, STARCHES, CELLULOSE CHITIN
Fats, oils, phospholipidswaxes and Steroids
CHO
Used for energy and structure
ENERGY
Used for cell membranes

4. Nucleic Acids & Proteins
CHONPS
DNA & RNA
Store and transmit genetic information
Amino acids
Enzymes
CHON
Used to build and repair
CHONP

5. Carbohydrates & Proteins
CHO
CHONPS
SUGARS, STARCHES, CELLULOSE CHITIN
Amino acids
Enzymes
Used to build and repair
Used for energy and structure

6. Nucleic Acids & Lipids CHO
CHONP
Fats, oils, phospholipids waxes and Steroids
Used for cell membranes
DNA & RNA
Store and transmit genetic information

7. Label these Structures
Nucleotide/Nucleic Acid
Amino Acid/Protein
Monosaccharide/carbohydrate
Triglyceride/Lipid

9. 3 Protein to amino acids

11. 2 They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules.

12. Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen?
A. Proteins C. Sugars
B. Carbohydrates D.fats

13. Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen?
A. Proteins C. Sugars
B. Carbohydrates D. Fats

14. Identify the stages of Mitosis
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
E. Cytokinesis
Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to both each other and the parent cell due to the complementary rule.

15. Describe what is happening at each phase of the cell cycle
G1 – cell performs regular processes. If the cell gets too large, then…
S – DNA replicates
G2 – cell gets ready to divide
Mitosis – nuclear division
Cytokinesis – divison of the cytoplasm

16. DNA Replication Nucleotide DNA strand New DNA strand
Semiconservative Model
of DNA replication shows that
each new DNA molecule has one
original and one new strand due to original strand serving as a template for the new strand (complementary rule). B C

17. Protein Synthesis
Describe the purpose and process of transcription and translation.
Transcription – a copy of the gene is coded in mRNA
Translation – the mRNA is read by the ribosome and a protein is made.

18. A

19. 2

20. Genetics – Punnett Squares

21. MEIOSIS:
Explain why there is only half the number of chromosomes in the resulting gametes:
Reduction division – the cell goes through 2 rounds of division. DNA doesn’t replicate before the 2nd round so by the end the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

22. Genetic Recombination
Examine the process of genetic recombination which occurs during prophase I of meiosis. In your own words explain what and how recombination occurs.
Chromosomes cross over and pieces break off and combine with the homologous chromosome.
How does genetic recombination lead to diversity within a species population?
Mixes up the genes on the chromosomes into new combinations.

23. 4

24. 2

25. 4

26. Modern Genetics: Meiosis Karyotype
What is the name of the figure to the right? What is the name of the abnormality in the circle?
Karyotype
During which process did this abnormality result in, mitosis or meiosis?
Meiosis
How did this abnormality occur?
Nondisjunction (failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or II)

27. 2 because it matches the crime scene DNA.
What is the name of the figure to the left?
DNA fingerprint
How is this figure used?
Identifies individual since each DNA fingerprint is unique to that individual (exception is identical twins)
Which suspect left the DNA at the crime scene? How do you know?
2 because it matches the crime scene DNA.

28. 50/50 chance each conception
What is the name of the figure to the left? Pedigree
Are the males carriers of this disease or is it passed on to them?
Can’t be carriers; passed on
Explain how this is a x-linked disease:
Males have the disorder because they only inherit 1 X chromosome.
Why did only one son become affected and the other did not?
50/50 chance each conception

29. 3

30. Types of Mutations: Identify as deletion, inversion, duplication, or translocation

31. 1

32. Explain how adaptive radiation is a mechanism of natural selection:
Environment favors phenotypes that give organisms an advantage. Those best adapted to the environment survive to reproduce passing on their genes to the next generation Each generation better adapted to the environment then the one before.
EVOLUTION

33. homologous Compare homologous to analogous structures.
Analogous – no recent closely related relative. Different structure, same function. Homologous - recent closely related relative. Same structure , different function.
Which structures share a recent closely related ancestor?
homologous

34. How does embryological evidence support the theory of evolution?
Right after conception, all vertebrates start out looking very similar. The more closely related, the longer they look alike.

35. 3

36. 3

37. What is occurring in each graph?
1. Either end of the spectrum is favored.
2. The mid-range of the spectrum is favored.
3. The range of the spectrum shifted from smallest to the largest.

38. 2

39. From the following list of common and Latinized names determine which pair represents the two most closely related plants.
broad bean Vicia faba
castor bean Ricinus communis
kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris
potato bean Apios americana
scarlet runner bean Phaseolus coccineus
broad bean and castor bean
castor bean and kidney bean
kidney bean and scarlet runner bean
scarlet runner bean and castor bean
potato bean and broad bean C

40. Identify the names of the two norns below by using the dichotomous key to the left.
Dichotomous Key on Norns
1. Has pointed ears go to Has rounded ears go to 2
2. Has no tail Kentuckyus ....Has tail Dakotus
3. Ears point upward go to Ears point downward go to 4
4. Engages in waving behavior Dallus ....Has hairy tufts on ears Californius
5. Engages in waving behavior WalaWala ....Does not engage in waving behavior go to 6
6. Has hair on head Beverlus ....Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) go to 7
7. Has a tail Yorkio ....Has no tail, aggressive Rajus
Beverlus
Dallus

41. Describe how viruses and bacteria are similar:

42. Describe the importance of antibiotic treatment and the failure of its effectiveness: Antibiotics kill bacteria but overuse leads to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
How is this similar to chemical pesticide resistance in plants? Same thing happens with pesticides and insects.
How does resistance to treatment affect particular populations in terms of survival of the fittest and species continuation or depletion? Those best adapted survive to reproduce - Leads to resistant strains of bacteria.

43. 2

44. 3

45. 1