1. US History Standards: SSUSH25 The student will describe changes in national politics since 1968. a. Describe President Richard M. Nixon’s opening of China, his resignation due to the Watergate scandal, changing attitudes toward government, and the Presidency of Gerald Ford.

2.  Richard Nixon was born in California to poor parents – as a result, he always felt like an outsider  Nixon was quiet, reserved, and often appeared uncomfortable with people – he seemed stiff and lacking a sense of humor  He had few close friends – he surrounded himself with his family Richard Nixon

3.  When Nixon took office in 1969, he was determined to turn America in a more conservative direction  His goals were to decrease the size and influence of the federal government (he believed the Great Society gave the government too much power) and to give more freedom to local governments  Nixon’s attempt to dismantle many programs of the Great Society was unsuccessful

4.  By the 1970s, the nations growth and reliance on energy created an energy crisis  War in the Middle East between Israel and the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria interrupted the flow of cheap oil that the US relied on  Higher oil prices worsened inflation – for example, gas that was once 25 cents a gallon became 65 cents a gallon  Consumers cut back on spending, leading to recession

5.  The culmination of President Kennedy’s space program occurred on July 20, 1969, when Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon  TV viewers around the world witnessed the landing  Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin spent 2 hours on the moon collecting rock and soil samples, taking pictures, and setting up instruments to monitor conditions on the moon

6.  Nixon had several successes in the area of foreign policy during his Presidency – the architect of these programs Nixon’s adviser for national security affairs, Henry Kissinger  Nixon traveled to China in 1972 to pursue his policy of détente which was aimed to ease Cold War tensions  Three months after visiting Beijing, Nixon traveled to Moscow for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks  the SALT I Treaty was signed – both the US and USSR signed a five-year agreement to limit the number of ICBMs and submarine launched missiles

7.  Nixon was determined to win reelection in 1972  To help in that process, the paranoid Nixon developed an enemies list – prominent people who were seen as unsympathetic to the administration  In 1968, Nixon ordered wiretaps on several members of his staff, news reporters  Nixon’s reelection committee pulled pranks and spread rumors, but a serious incident occurred on June 17, 1972

8.  Members of the President’s reelection committee, with the knowledge of former Attorney General John Mitchell, broke into the Democratic National Committee Headquarters at the Watergate apartment complex in Washington, DC  The purpose of the break-in was to install wiretaps on phones  The 5 burglars were arrested and carried money that could be linked to the Reelection Committee  Nixon didn’t know about the break-in, but he asked the CIA to try and persuade the FBI to discontinue the investigation Watergate Complex

9.  Nixon won the 1972 election, but Watergate wouldn’t go away  2 young Washington Post reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, cracked the story  secret tapes recorded what happened in the Oval Office – Nixon did not want to release them  Nixon’s VP, Spiro Agnew, was accused of invading income taxes and accepting bribes – House Minority Leader Gerald Ford took his place Top: Carl Bernstein (L) and Bob Woodward Bottom: Spiro Agnew

10.  A grand jury convened in July 1974 to prepare articles of impeachment on Nixon – the charges were obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and the refusal to obey Congress’ order to turn over the tapes  Nixon turned over the tapes on Aug. 5 – they had been edited but still proved Nixon’s involvement in the cover-up  3 days later, Nixon resigned before he could be impeached, the first Pres. to ever do so  Gerald Ford became President later that day, saying “Our long national nightmare is over” Gerald Ford