1. Ancient Greece and Rome

2. Greece Developed democracy Important discoveries in science
Wrote stories and plays that continue to be performed today
Excellent sailors
Made up of over 100 city-states
Two important city-states were Athens and Sparta

3. Athens Every citizen had the right to vote
Free-born males whose fathers held Athenian citizenship were citizens
Developed the idea that people had a voice in how they are ruled

4. Philosophy Philosophy – “the love of wisdom”
Philosophers were people who discussed, debated, and studied wisdom
Three great philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

5. Socrates a philosopher who taught by asking questions
A well-known teacher in Athens
Was charged with impiety (not respecting the gods) and corrupting youth

6. Plato A student of Socrates
Started the Academy in Athens – a school that operated for more than 900 years
Did not believe in democracy – believed that the best and the wisest should rule
Believed that the government should raise all children

7. Aristotle Greatest scientist of the Ancient world
Believed in using logic and reason to explain events in nature
Studies at Plato’s Academy
Was hired by King Philip to teach 13 year old Alexander (Alexander the Great)
Opened a school called Lyceum – a center of research on astronomy, zoology, geography, geology, physics, and anatomy
His ideas formed the basis of modern science

8. Alexander the Great King of Macedonia A military genius
Was crowned Pharaoh of Egypt
Carried ideas of the Greeks and their love for learning throughout his empire
Founded Alexandria – a center of learning and culture in Egypt

9. Rome
Had a two house (bicameral) government – upper house and lower house
U.S. followed this example
Created many roads throughout the empire – still used today
Created aqueducts to bring water to the city – still used today
Built huge stadiums called amphitheaters – used for entertainment
Greatest Roman Achievement – sewer system

10. Julius Caesar Powerful military leader
Elected dictator of Rome in 46BC
Killed by the Senate in 44BC

11. Caesar Augustus Restored peace and order to Rome
Built massive roads and bridges, government buildings, and huge public baths
Began a 200 year period known as Pax Romana
During Pax Romana Rome was the most powerful state in Europe

12. Middle Ages In AD476, warriors attacked the city of Rome
The fall of Rome marks the end of ancient history
Middle Ages began – Medieval Times
Often called the “Dark Ages” because life was very hard
Christianity became people’s source of hope during this time

13. Constantine First Christian emperor
Moved his capital from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium
Renamed the capital Constantinople

14. Feudalism
A way to organize society when there was no central government
Lord – noble who owned land
Vassal - a person who was granted possession of the land by the lord
Fief – the land
Serf – farmed the land