1. Starting Julius Caesar, pt. 2 English 112

2. Last time… We talked about universal themes We talked about the painful nature of change We went over a brief summary of the play’s events

3. This time… We’ll talk about why Shakespeare might write about this We’ll talk about Shakespeare’s historical sources Finally, we’ll discuss the historical figures the play’s characters are based on

4. William Shakespeare 1564-1616 Often cited as being the best English writer or one of— Born in Stratford, lived in London, retired in Stratford Led The King’s Men, a travelling band of actors Travelled around England performing plays, and, yes, getting paid for it Wrote JC in 1599

5. Shakespeare’s Roman Tragedies Julius Caesar Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Titus Andronicus Why the Roman obsession?

6. Classicism Today, we use the word classic to denote anything that is –Of great quality, or –Has stood the test of time In Shakespeare’s time, the word “classic” meant a work of literature from Ancient Greece and Rome, written in the original Greek and Latin

7. Shakespeare’s Source: Plutarch

8. How accurate is JC? There are only a few changes from Plutarch’s text, mostly where place names and dates are cleaned up for convenience of performance One major difference are Caesar’s last words— Shakespeare has them as “Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar!” Plutarch says that Caesar said nothing, put pulled his cloak over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators Other historians say that Caesar’s last words were καί σύ τέκνον (Kai su, teknon?—“Even you too, child?”)

9. Julius Caesar Born 13 July, 100 BC Died 15 March, 44 BC Was dictator from October 49 BC Reigned for 5 years A roman political and military official who played a key role in changing the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire Was the Magister populi (“Master of the People”) or dictator, whose power was unchecked by other officials

10. Brutus Full name: Marcus Junius Brutus Born June 85 BC Died October 42 BC Senator in Rome who was convinced to lead the plot against Caesar

11. Mark Anthony Real name: Marcus Antonius Born 14 January 83 BC Died Aug 1 30 BC After Caesar’s assassination, defeated Marcus, and formed a triumvirate with Octavius and Lepidus Octavius and Mark Antony later disagreed, and in 33 BC, there was another civil war, known as The Final Battle of the Roman Republic. He was defeated, and Octavian became Caesar Augustus, the first Roman emperor Is the main character of another Shakespearean Roman tragedy, Antony and Cleopatra

12. Questions to think about as you read the play Does absolute power corrupt absolutely? That is, can you have great political power and not be corrupt? Were these characters good people or bad people? In your opinion, how should history remember them?