1. Health Psychology Introduction Chapter 1 PY490 - Hudiburg

2. What is Health Psychology?

3. Health Psychology zPersonality traits, physiological responses and health related behaviors – optimism, hostility, and extraversion zSocial factors – especially social support, like BP and immune system, dealing with minor and major illnesses zTreatments and psychological factors – attitudes towards AIDS – behavior: safe sex zPain influence on psychological well-being, especially with chronic diseases – new study using MDMA effects on anxiety in terminally ill cancer patients – www.maps.orgwww.maps.org zPrimary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention – Table 14.1, p. 564 zTaylor (1990) – 93% failed to follow recommended treatment

4. Levels of Prevention Primary Prevention Prevent disease Identify causes Promote health behaviors Secondary Prevention Catch disease in early stages Prevent further deterioration Tertiary Prevention Manage illnesses w/ no cure

5. What Factors Led to the Development of Health Psychology? zAPA Division in 1978 zHealth Psychology journal in 1982 zNature of illnesses has changed zInfectious diseases – 1900 zLife style choices – 21 st Century zBehavioral choices

6. Deaths in 1990

7. Deaths in 1998

8. What Factors Led to the Development of Health Psychology? zThe Biomedical Model is unable to fully account for health zMind-body question zBiomedical treatments only zFailures to account for many psychological factors and health zPlacebo effects – how to explain

9. The Mind-Body Relationship

10. Microscopic Macroscopic Biological Psychological Sociological Biopsychosocial Health Model

11. Biological Factors zGenetics zPhysiology zGender zAge zVulnerability to stress zImmune system zNutrition zMedications

12. Psychological factors zPersonality zSelf-efficacy zPersonal control zOptimistic bias zSocial support zStress zCoping skills zDiet zRisky behaviors zAdherence to medical advice

13. Sociological factors zPoverty zEthnic background zCultural beliefs zRacism zLiving with chronic illness

14. What Factors Led to the Development of Health Psychology? zHealth care costs have risen dramatically. In 2003 1.3 trillion dollars spent zIncrease life expectancy – 1900: 47 years 2000: 76 years zThe development of new technology zThe meaning of health has changed – positive psychology, includes well-being (WHO) zCollege students and health issues – health related behaviors zCultural definitions of health

15. How is Health Psychology Related to Other Disciplines? zFreud and the unconscious zPsychosomatic medicine zmedical psychology zbehavioral medicine zbehavioral health zmedical sociology and anthropology

16. Where can you find clinical-health psychologists? zFamily practice zPediatrics zHIV prevention and treatment zMultidisciplinary Pain Centers zCardiopulmonary Rehabilitation zEmergency room zSpinal cord injury rehabilitation z Stroke rehabilitation z Sleep disorders clinics z Public health and policy z Infertility clinics z Oncology z HMOs z Industry z Chronic disease support groups z Dialysis treatment centers z And many more!

17. So you want to be a health psychologist? Belar & Deardoff, 1999 zHigh frustration tolerance zTolerance for a demanding work schedule zAbility to deal with hostile-reluctant patients zAbility to work with the physically ill zAcceptance of dependence on another profession zAppropriateness as a health model