1. B2. Vehicle-Based Surveys ISCTSC 2008 – Annecy, France

2. Administrative data Vehicle Registration files are maintained by nearly all countries –Provides detailed information on the vehicle fleet –Can use registry files to sample motor vehicle use Vehicle inspection programmes potential source of odometer readings (VKT) Issues File integrity –scrapped vehicles not removed Confidentiality –Not every country allows access for sampling Coverage –Foreign vehicles not covered

3. Roadside interviews Largely local in scope –Cordon/screenlines in urban areas –Helsinki/Stuttgart ANPR-based O-D surveys –Toll road planning Methodology issues –O-D flows dependent on where the vehicles are surveyed (geographic bias) –Study area needs to be tightly defined –Requires field deployment Safety concerns Burden (survey needs to be short) Data quality since sites are temporary

4. Traffic counts Nearly universal –Data are collected for a network of permanent/short-term sites using machine-based and manual counts –Works best on motorways/arterials –Can estimate VKT by road class and vehicle class Management of networks a challenge –Sites widely dispersed –High maintenance and data collection costs Truck classification differs across countries comparability

5. Different Technologies (1) GPS –Offers routing, more precise O-D, time/speed profiles, elevation –Cold start problem leads to gaps –Urban canyons/tunnels block signal –Purpose not known but can impute from land use On-Board Diagnostics (OBD-II) –All North American vehicles model year 1996 and newer must carry an OBD-II data port –Can collect extensive vehicle performance information passively Instantaneous fuel use Speed ranges Coolant temperatures

6. Different Technologies (2) Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) –Use camera and OCR technology to collect license plate data Travel time/O-D via direct plate matching Can use vehicle registry as a sampling base (not available in all jurisdictions) –Uses Enforcement Fraud detection Heavy goods movement Foreign vehicles

7. Different Technologies (3) Electronic toll tags Electronic number plates Weigh-in-motion Cell-phone tracking Assisted GPS (A-GPS)

8. Research priorities for vehicle-based surveys Fuel and emissions –More detailed information on fuel use/emissions profiles Road safety –Where accidents occur (GPS) Road user charging Tapping full use of new technologies –Reduce burden of collecting vehicle use data