1. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 16 Health and Wellness Promotion

2. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health, Illness, and Wellness Health –Process seeking to maintain stable, comfortable equilibrium Illness –Inability to maintain physical and emotional balance (continued)

3. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health, Illness, and Wellness Wellness –Condition when individual functions at optimal levels (continued)

4. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health, Illness, and Wellness Physical status Emotional well-being Social relationships Intellectual functioning Spiritual condition Sexuality

5. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Models of Health Clinical Health belief High-level wellness Social learning theory Host-agent- environment Health promotion Cultural influences on health Family influences on health

6. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Illness Perspectives Illness –Result of disease or injury that affects functioning –Occurs when inability to meet one’s needs exists –Acute –Chronic

7. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Wellness Perspectives Continuum of health from optimal to maladaptive –From wellness to illness High-level wellness –Functioning to one’s maximum health potential while remaining in balance with environment

8. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health Behaviors Influencing variables: –Lifestyle –Locus of control –Self-efficacy –Health care attitudes –Self-concept

9. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health Promotion Activities that improve quality of health and well-being Aim: –Empowerment through good decision making regarding lifestyles and activities

10. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health Promotion Activities Respect and support clients’ right to make decisions Identify and use client strengths and assets Empower clients to promote own health or healing

11. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health Protection Activities Prevention of accidents Occupational safety and health Efforts to ensure safety of food and drugs Environmental strategies

12. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Disease Prevention Activities Continuum of disease –Averting its development to limiting its course Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention

13. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion Teaching Motivating Considering client’s beliefs and experiences

14. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Health Promotion and Vulnerable Populations Children Elderly Economically disadvantaged Immunocompromised Homeless

15. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Individuals as Holistic Beings Physiological and psychological needs integrated Individuals are complete –Rather than fragmented beings

16. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Needs and Health Basic human needs: –Physiological –Psychological –Sociocultural –Intellectual –Spiritual

17. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiological Dimension Focuses on achievement of basic needs –Oxygenation –Circulation –Sleep and comfort –Nutrition –Elimination

18. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Psychological Dimension Focuses on: –Positive self-esteem –Trusting relationships –Appropriate social skills –Coping

19. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sociocultural Dimension Client’s needs for dependence and independence Empowerment –Enabling others to do for themselves

20. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Intellectual Dimension Cognitive functions –Judgment –Orientation –Memory –Ability to process information (continued)

21. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Intellectual Dimension Can be impaired by infection, toxins, substance abuse, trauma, and psychological problems

22. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Spiritual Dimension Spirituality –One’s relationship with: Self Others Higher power –Assists in determining sense of meaning or purpose in life

23. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Promoting Sexual Health Development of sexuality Gender identity Needs Human sexual response Sexuality and health

24. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Development of Sexuality Begins with conception Develops throughout life No universally accepted sexual values

25. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Gender Identity View of self as male or female Sexual orientation –Heterosexuality –Homosexuality –Bisexuality –Transsexuality

26. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Needs Tenderness Attachment Intimacy Caring Sensuality Procreation

27. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Human Sexual Response Phases: –Excitement –Plateau –Orgasm –Resolution

28. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sexuality and Health Threats to sexual integrity: –Illness –Disability –Surgery –Medications –Hospitalization

29. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sexuality and the Nursing Process Assessment –Ensure privacy and confidentiality –Use simple, direct language –Provide explanations –Allow time for client’s questions –Have nonjudgmental attitude –Use open-ended questions (continued)

30. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sexuality and the Nursing Process Diagnosis –Sexual dysfunction –Ineffective sexuality patterns (continued)

31. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sexuality and the Nursing Process Planning and outcome identification –Consider age-specific variations –Know client’s history of possible sexual abuse (continued)

32. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sexuality and the Nursing Process Implementation –Communication –Education Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases Effects of aging Disease prevention –E.g., breast and testicular examinations (continued)

33. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sexuality and the Nursing Process Evaluation –Observe client and partner for expressions of intimacy –Remain open-minded and nonjudgmental