1. Fashions: http://www.thefashionhistorian.com/2011/10/classif ying-17th-century-part-1.html http://www.thefashionhistorian.com/2011/10/classif ying-17th-century-part-1.html http://www.pinterest.com/mwojdak/17th-century- fashion/

2.  Dressing up

3.  … and some more

4.  Elizabeth Car, Lady Falkland (1585-1639)  Poet, translator, dramatist  11 children  Disinherited by her farther  Abandoned to poverty by her husband, denied access to her children in 1626 due to her being publicly Catholic  Pressure to convert; custody battles  Author of the first original play in English written by a woman: Fair Queen of Jewry (1613) Respectable Women: the Wife

5.  Feliciana Enríquez de Guzman (1569-1644)  Studied at the University of Salamanca, disguised as a man  Earned degrees in theology and astrology before being found out  Author of several plays; Lope de Vega disliked her as a dramatist, but sympathized with her as a person  Two marriages: to a low-rank aristocrat, and to a lawyer; died a widow  A life plagued by economic difficulties, despite a relatively prominent social standing Respectable Women: the Widow

6.  Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651-1695)  Born in Mexico, grandfather was an hacienda owner  Child prodigy, excelled in languages and math  Attempted to attend university in Mexico City in male disguise; continued her studies privately  At 17, astonishes a jury of theologians, law scholars, philosophers, and poets with her knowledge and insight  Supported by the Viceroys  Declines multiple marriage proposals, becomes a nun  Gains fame and recognition as a writer and poet  The church turns against her; condemned by the Archbishop of Mexico; ceased writing to avoid official censure  One of the most important intellectuals of her time, dies being denied access to her books and music as a form of penance Respectable Women: the Nun

7.  Rachel Ruysh (1664-1750)  Daughter of a professor of botany  Painter of still lives, one of the two best Dutch masters of the genre, the other being Abraham Mignon  First female member of the Confreire Pictura in The Hague  Court painter for the court in Dusseldorf, 1708-16  Married a portrait painter; 10 children  Lived into her 80s, actively painting Some stories were happy…

8.   Anti-establishment sexual behavior linked to piracy in the 17 th century  Aggression and unruly masculinity: not suited for domesticity, but serving and protecting English interests  The Double Marriage : the use of Turk as signifier of other religions, including other versions of Christianity  Nobility, chivalry, courtesy of the pirate: contrast with the King  The female pirate: defiance of the traditionally accepted female behavior; changes from formidable warrior (‘martial maid’) to a traitor and whore (‘slave to lust’) “Piracy, Sexuality, Tyranny”

9.   The Sea Voyage : central theme and debate is the definition of “piracy”  The Iberian represented by the Portuguese, the “others” represented by the French (in the interpretation of the play: Portugal = Spain; France = England)  Anti-Catholic sentiments, territorial aspirations, colonial struggle, and the ‘patriotic pirate’ modeled after Drake and Raleigh: men of action and vision whose heroic behavior is condonable in disputed locations  The two sides of seaborne violence, and the ambiguity towards policies being enacted at the time of writing of the play “Piracy and Mercantile Nationalism”

10.   The Unnatural Combat : Mediterranean corsairs  In the play: the pirate crisis is not so much a result of national/international issues, but of the corruption of the Admiral defending Marseilles  Defeating the Algerian pirates was historically possible by the joint effort of Spain, England, Holland, and France  Central question: when does lucrative violence at sea turn into piracy?  Flipped associations: the contrast between the pirates (fair payment, discipline on the ships, harmonious and honorable relationships, restraint and honor) and the government of Marseilles (chaos and corruption)  Once again, “Turk” comes to signify someone of different religion in general “All Change: Admirals, Pirates, Corruption”