1. Diabetes
National Diabetes Control Programme
National Diabetes Control Committee
with members from MOH and outside
National Policy for the control of
diabetes
Regional diabetologists - focal
points

2. Diabetes in primary care Mini diabetes clinics Standard guidelines
Diabetes care team
• Diabetes registry:The total number of cases
reported till 2005 were 48,972 with 4,862
new cases diagnosed in the year 2005.
World Diabetes Day
Other health education

3. Diabetes
Various surveys over the last decade have shown that ten percent of Omani adults suffer from diabetes and a similar proportion has impaired glucose tolerance.
A survey conducted in 1991 showed a diabetes prevalence of 8.3% based on fasting blood glucose. A more recent National Health Survey (2000), has shown diabetes to have increased significantly to 11.6%.

4. National Health Survey, 2000
Total: 5856
IFG: 6.1%
IFG+diabetes: 17.8%

5. Survey Method used DM IGT IFG 1991 10% ---- 8.3% 5.7% 2000 11.6% 6.1%
Prevalence of Diabetes and IGT in Oman using 1999 WHO diagnostic criteria
Survey
Method used DM
IGT
IFG
1991
post glucose load, plasma
10%
----
fasting plasma glucose
8.3%
5.7%
2000
11.6%
6.1%
DM: diabetes mellitus, IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance, IFG: Impaired fasting glucose

6. Total IFG + Diabetes (%)
Prevalence of diabetes in males in the national health survey, 2000
Age Group
Number examined
IFG (%)
Diabetes (%)
Total IFG + Diabetes (%)
20-29
1176
4.2
8.4
30-39
540
10.2
9.1
19.3
40-49
390
10.3
19.0
29.3
50-59
352
9.4
23.3
32.7
60-69
261
6.1
17.6
23.7
70-79
137
6.6
24.8
31.4
80+ 61
26.2
32.8
All
2917
7.1
12.0
19.1

7. Total IFG + Diabetes (%)
Prevalence of diabetes in females in the national health survey, 2000
Age Group
Number examined
IFG (%)
Diabetes (%)
Total IFG + Diabetes (%)
20-29
1186
2.4
3.4
5.8
30-39
622
5.9
8.4
14.3
40-49
284
6.0
15.1
21.1
50-59
512
8.0
22.1
30.1
60-69
198
8.6
28.3
36.9
70-79 91
8.8
25.3
34.1
80+ 46
4.3
19.6
23.9
All
2939
5.1
11.4
16.5

8. Body Mass Index, overweight and obesity
1991
2000
Body mass index (kg/M²)
M: 24.3
F: 26.3
M: 25.2
F: 25.8
Overweight (%)
M: 28.8
F: 29.5
M: 32.1
F: 27.3
Obesity (%)
M: 10.5
F: 25.1
M: 16.7
F: 23.8
Dhofar: 71%, Muscat and Dahirah: 50%

9. Metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria)
Central obesity (waist circumference 94 cm for men and 80 cm for women),
plus any 2 of the following 4 factors:
Raised triglyceride (TG) levels 1.7 mmol/L, or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality
Reduced high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol: <1.03 mmol/L in men and <1.29 mmol/L in women, or specific treatment for these lipid abnormalities
Raised systolic BP 130 or diastolic BP 85 mmHg, or treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension
Raised fasting plasma glucose: FPG 5.6 mmol/L, or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes

10. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Oman
Females: 40.0% (95% CI 35.6% to 44.3%)
Males: 18.4% (95% CI 14.5% to 22.3%)
(p-value for the gender difference <0.001).

11. Hospital Mortality

12. Diabetes Prevalence in GCC
Ages 20+ years
MOH, UAE, 2000
Abedlla et al, 1998
Al-Nuaim, 1997
Asfour et al, 1991

13. Diabetes Mellitus, GCC Estimates, 1995-2025
Source: The World Health Report, 1997, WHO

14. Prevalence 1991 vs 2000 Oman Criteria DM IGT IFG 1991 WHO (old) 10%
2-OGTT
WHO (new)
8.3%
FPG
5.7%
2000
11.7%
6.1%

15. National Health Survey, Oman, 2000
Age & Diabetes
National Health Survey, Oman, 2000

16. Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes
Undiagnosed Diabetes in Oman
5786
5214
572
Total
5519
5139 No
267 75
192
Yes - +
Do you have Diabetes
Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes
380
National Health Survey, Oman, 2000

20. Trends of BMI by Gender (Oman)
1991
2000
Males
24.3
25.2
Females
26.3
25.8

21. Insulin Resistance Syndrome (Metabolic Syndrome)
Central/abdominal obesity
High TG
Microalbuminuria
Low HDL
Metabolic Syndrome or
INSULIN
RESISTANCE
HBP
Endothelial dysfunction
High FPG
Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease

22. Oman 21% Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease
Al-Lawati JA, Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Omani adults.
Diabetes Care 2003;26(6):
Central/abdominal obesity 24.6%
High TG 20.7%
Microalbuminuria
Low HDL 75.4%
Oman
21%
HBP 23.1%
Endothelial dysfunction
High FPG 18.1%
Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease

23. Overweight in GCC

24. Obesity in GCC