1. 10.3 RXN in AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2. Definitions Solvent – the substance that dissolves the solute Solute - the substance that is dissolved Aqueous – (aq) solution in which water is the solvent

3. Solubility If a substance dissolves or dissociates when imersed in another substance http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sug ar-and-salt-solutions

4. General Guidelines Most things with Group 1 metals ◦Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, and NH 4 + Common NO 3 -, ClO 3 -, and ClO 4 - Most chlorides (Cl - ), ◦Exceptions AgCl, Hg 2 Cl 2, PbCl 2 Br - and I - similar to Cl - ◦Solubility decreases with ion size

5. General Guidelines F - usually soluble except MgF 2, CaF 2, SrF 2, BaF 2 and PbF 2 Common SO 4 - are soluble ◦Except PbSO 4,BaSO 4, HgSO 4 Most metal hydroxides are insoluble ◦Exceptions Group 1 and Group 2 from Ca down

6. General Guidelines CO 3 2- & PO 4 3- only group 1 and NH 4 + Sulfides (S 2- ) group 1, 2, and NH 4 +

7. General Guidelines HOW are we going to remember all this We are not going to, for now

8. RXN that form Precipitate A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of copper (II) chloride to yield sodium chloride and solid copper (II) hydroxide. Write as balanced eqn

9. RXN that form Precipitate 2NaOH (aq) + CuCL 2(aq)  2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) Na + OH- Cl - Cu 2+

10. RXN that form Precipitate 2NaOH (aq) + CuCL 2(aq)  2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) Na + OH- Cl - Cu 2+

11. Complete Ionic Eqn 2NaOH (aq) + CuCL 2(aq)  Na + OH- Cl - Cu 2+ 2Na + (aq) + 2OH - (aq) + Cu 2+ (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s)

12. Complete Ionic Eqn 2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) Na + OH- Cl - Cu 2+ 2Na + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) 2NaOH (aq) + CuCL 2(aq) 

13. Complete Ionic Eqn 2NaOH (aq) + CuCL 2(aq)  2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) 2Na + (aq) + 2OH - (aq) + Cu 2+ (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) 2Na + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s)

14. Net Ionic Eqn 2NaOH (aq) + CuCL 2(aq)  2NaCl (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) 2Na + (aq) + 2OH - (aq) + Cu 2+ (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) 2Na + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(s) 2OH - (aq) + Cu 2+ (aq)  Cu(OH) 2(s)

15. RXN that form Water

16. Hydrobromic acid is added to aqueous lithium hydroxide to produce a solution of lithium bromide. Write the balanced equation.

17. RXN that form Water HBr (aq) + LiOH (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) +LiBr (aq)

18. RXN that form Water HBr (aq) + LiOH (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) + LiBr (aq) Write the complete Ionic Eqn

19. RXN that form Water HBr (aq) + LiOH (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) + LiBr (aq) Write the complete Ionic Eqn H + (aq) +Br - (aq) +Li + (aq) +OH - (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) +Li + (aq) +Br - (aq)

20. RXN that form Water HBr (aq) + LiOH (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) + LiBr (aq) Write the complete Ionic Eqn H + (aq) +Br - (aq) +Li + (aq) +OH - (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) +Li + (aq) +Br - (aq) Write the Net Ionic Eqn

21. RXN that form Water HBr (aq) + LiOH (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) + LiBr (aq) Write the complete Ionic Eqn H + (aq) +Br - (aq) +Li + (aq) +OH - (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) +Li + (aq) +Br - (aq) Write the Net Ionic Eqn H + (aq) + OH - (aq)  H 2 O ( l)

22. Your turn HBr (aq) + LiOH (aq)  H 2 O ( l ) + LiBr (aq) Draw a molecular level representation. Showing the balanced equation.

23. RXN that form GAS Common gases that form CO 2 HCNH 2 S http://www.sunburncures.net/home- remedies/vinegar-relieve-sunburns / http://www.londonlocalservices.co.uk/10-useful-tips-for- cleaning-with-baking-soda/

24. RXN that form GAS Common gases that form CO 2 HCNH 2 S http://thatparentplace.com/2008 /06/26/craft-project-building-a- volcano /

25. Why CO 2 ? HCl + NaHCO 3  H 2 CO 3 +NaCl

26. Why CO 2 ? HCl + NaHCO 3  H 2 CO 3 +NaCl H 2 CO 3  H 2 O + CO 2 HCl + NaHCO 3 + H 2 CO 3  H 2 CO 3 +H 2 O + CO 2 +NaCl