1. Managing Shoreline Erosion Module 2:1

2. Erosion: A Natural Process  Proceeds very slowly  Important part of ecosystem function Courtesy of: Ed Klekowski Module 2:2

3. Natural Causes of Erosion  Wind  Ice  Water movement  Wave energy  Currents  Changing water levels  Rain/run-off  Gravity Module 2:3

4. Human Disturbances  Removal of shoreline vegetation  Run-off from paved surfaces  Boat wake Module 2:4

5. Human Disturbances  Construction on or near the shoreline  Heavy foot traffic  Shoreline alteration Module 2:5

6. The Impacts of Erosion 1.Loss of valuable waterfront property 2.Unsafe areas 3.Loss of habitat Module 2:6

7. The Impacts of Erosion 4.Changes the characteristics of the bottom 5.Reduces water clarity 6.Increases water temperature 7.Releases chemicals/nutrients into the water Module 2:7

8. Signs of Erosion  Areas of exposed soil  Rills and gullies  Slumping, undercut banks  Formation of sandbars and “islands” Module 2:8

9. More Signs of Erosion  Cloudy water  Stream or river becoming wide and shallow  Receding shorelines  Leaning & downed trees & exposed roots Module 2:9

10. How To Prevent Erosion 1.Protect the natural shoreline 2.Reduce run-off from impermeable surfaces 3.Minimize wake from boats and other motorized watercraft 4.Take precautions during construction Module 2:10

11. How To Prevent Erosion 5.Limit foot traffic in erosion prone areas 6.Contour and cover pathways 7.Avoid alterations to water courses Module 2:11

12. How to Control Erosion 1.Identify:  Cause of erosion  Type of erosion  Extent of problem  Site conditions 2.Select most suitable control method Module 2:12

13. Control Methods A.Natural buffers B.Bioengineering C.Hardened structures Module 2:13

14. A. Natural Buffer Module 2:14

15. B. Soil Bioengineering Module 2:15

16. Slope Preparation Module 2:16 45° = 1:1 slope  27° = 2:1 slope 18° = 3:1 slope Photo credit: Rian Myers 1993

17. Bioengineering Techniques above the Water  Live staking  Fascines (wattles/bundles)  Brush layers  Brush mattresses Module 2:17

18. Live Staking Courtesy of: Carolyn Dindorf Module 2:18

19. Fascines Module 2:19 Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller Courtesy of Maccaferri Ltd.

20. Brush Layers Module 2:20 Photo credit: Environment Canada

21. Brush Mattresses  Module 2:21 Courtesy of: Maccaferri Ltd.

22. Maintenance Module 2:22

23. Recommended Native Species  Red-Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera)  Silky Dogwood (Cornus obliqua)  Grey Dogwood (Cornus racemosa) Module 2:23

24. Recommended Native Species  Pussy Willow (Salix discolor)  Shining Willow (Salix lucida)  Shrub Willow (Salix eriocephala) Module 2:24

25. Gathering Plant Material Module 2:25

26. Bioengineering Techniques In the Water  Fibre rolls  Brush bundles  Plant anchors Module 2:26

27. Fibre Rolls Module 2:27 Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller Courtesy of Maccaferri Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller

28. Brush bundles Courtesy of: Carolyn Dindorf Module 2:28

29. Plant Anchors  Fibre mats  Fibre bags Module 2:29 Courtesy of Maccaferri Ltd.

30. Case Study

32. C. Hardened Structures  Break walls  Gabion baskets  Riprap Module 2:32

33. Breakwalls Module 2:33

34. Retiring Your Breakwall 1.Dig it out 2.Break it down 3.Plant it Module 2:34 Photo credit: Cottage Life Magazine

35. Gabion Baskets  Module 2:35

36. Riprap Module 2:36 Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller

37. Approvals Contact:  Conservation Authority  Ministry Of Natural Resources  Department of Fisheries and Oceans  Parks Canada Module 2:37

38. Managing Erosion 1.Practice erosion prevention 2.Understand the source of erosion 3.Research your options 4.Make an informed decision Module 2:38