1. Soil-choked Riprap covered with Erosion Control Blanket (ECB), & planted with native trees & shrubs through the ECB

2. Riprap to top bank was soil- choked, seeded, covered with a 100% coir 700 grams/ sq. meter series Erosion Control Blanket (ECB), & five species of container native trees & shrubs planted through the ECB. Toe protection was LPSTP and Single Stone Bendway Weirs.

3. Cutting coir blanket to length plus close-up. This is a 700 series (700 grams per sq. meter blanket. Heavy& tough. Traps soil & seed well, sticks in dirt when wet, open weave, can be reseeded if needed CONSTRUCTION DELAWARE RIVER-SITE 6-PIX BY DERRICK 9-12-2009

4. SITE 2-B: BANK STABILIZATION TO PROTECT A COUNTY OWNED HIGHWAY, BUSHKILL, PA. DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PROJECT CONSTRUCTED SEPTEMBER 19-22, 2009

5. PROBLEMS  A severe attack angle caused by planform geometry & a transverse bar that directs the flow of Bushkill Creek into the left descending bank just downstream of Site 2-A had eroded the left descending bank dangerously close to a county- maintained two lane highway. The project is 255 ft long. In places the stream was within 15 ft of the road. The bank was steep in this area with the high velocity thalweg immediately at the toe. In some areas a single row of mature trees attempted to hold the bank together, in other areas trees were absence or dead.

6. Aerial view of project area with work limits delineated. Courtesy of Ecological Restoration, Inc

7. PRE-PROJECT PHOTOS by Dave Derrick Dec. 16, 2008 (HIGH WATER) & Sept 9, 2009

8. HIGH WATER-Looking DS @ flow attack into Site 2-B. PRE-PROJECT BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 12-16-2008

9. Looking DS @ left bank (entire length of project) PRE-PROJECT BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-9-2009

10. Looking DS @ left bank. Flow into upper end of project PRE-PROJECT BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-9-2009

11. THE PLAN

12. SOLUTIONS (THE PLAN)  The upstream section has 210 ft of Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP), applied at a rate of 2 tons/ft as a resistive toe protection. Vines were planted to cover the LPSTP stone. Keyed into the LPSTP are 9 Single or Double Stone Bendway Weirs, spaced approx. 30 ft apart. The downstream 45 ft of the project has two Bendway Weirs & 7 Traffic Control Stones. Four keys anchor the entire project, with two keys designed as stairs for fisherman access. Above the entire length of LPSTP is a row of willow & dogwood poles (brush layer). The upstream 85 ft has riprap applied up to top bank, then soil- choked & encapsulated with a 100% coir, 700 grams/sq. meter Erosion Control Blanket (ECB). Five species of trees and shrubs were planted through the ECB. The downstream 125 ft of LPSTP has the single brush layer & about 2 ft of ECB encapsulated earth, with the mid & upper bank sloped & planted with dozens of rooted-stock trees & shrubs.

13. Courtesy of Ecological Restoration, Inc. Soil-choked & planted riprap to top bank in pink area-85 ft wide

14. Courtesy of Ecological Restoration, Inc. This is typical protection US & DS of the Soil-choked Riprap protection

15.  Cottonwood 30 in tree bands (small pots)  Sycamore 10 2 gallon fiber pots  Silver Maple 10 2 gallon pots  Red Oak 10 3 gallon pots  Silky Dogwood 500 bare root  Black Willow 250 bare root  Ninebark 233 bare root  Virginia Creeper 52 cuttings  Rhododendron 25 3 gallon pots PLANTS PLANTED Common Name # Size

16. CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS by Dave Derrick, September 22, 2009

17. Looking US @ large stone for Single & Double Stone Bendway Weirs. No room for construction! CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

18. Looking US @ completed LPSTP toe protection near DS end. Valuable trees untouched. Single Stone Bendway Weir CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

19. Looking US @ thalweg controlled by Bendway Weirs, note dead water near bank. CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

20. The local county road supervisor was worried that the section of bank that was impacted the most by flow would erode (upper section of project), so in response to his concerns, a blanket of riprap 85 ft wide was applied up to top bank (riprap applied above the LPSTP). Riprap was soil-choked, covered with a 100% coir 700 grams/ sq. meter series Erosion Control Blanket (ECB), & five species of container native trees & shrubs planted through the ECB

21. Bushkill Creek, Delaware Water Gap, PA FILL CUT Slope bank. A balanced cut/fill in all sections. Backfill anchors the ECB at toe. Bendway Weir LPSTP Live Siltation Erosion Control Blanket

22. 85 ft wide blanket of riprap applied from LPSTP & Live Siltation up to top of bank. Bushkill Creek, Delaware Water Gap, PA

23. Soil-choke riprap to top of bank. Bushkill Creek, Delaware Water Gap, PA

24. Seed all soil-choke soil. Bushkill Creek, Delaware Water Gap, PA

25. Riprap to top bank, then soil-choked. Leah is spreading grass seed. The local road super was worried about the impact zone eroding, so riprap to top bank. CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

26. Bushkill Creek, Delaware Water Gap, PA Install Erosion Control Blanket, dig key at top bank to anchor ECB

27. Looking US. Upper end of ECB tucked into key trench. CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

28. Looking US. Backfilling the uphill ECB anchor trench CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

29. Looking US. Backfilling the uphill ECB anchor trench CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-22-2009

30. Bushkill Creek, Delaware Water Gap, PA Install rooted stock plants through ECB as appropriate

31. PROJECT COMPLETE

32. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE Photos by Derrick SEPT. 25, 2009

33. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking downhill @ the soil- choked riprap with Erosion Control Blanket cover & rooted plants CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-25-2009

34. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking at the ECB uphill key. ECB was trenched in, then backfilled with soil & stone. CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-25-2009

35. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking DS @ flow into Site 2-B. Upstream key & US end of project. Riprap area is covered by the tan Erosion Control Blanket. CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-25-2009

36. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-LPSTP with Live Siltation, Single-Stone Bendway Weirs, ECB with riprap to top bank with soil-choke & tree & shrub rooted-stock plantings CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-25-2009

37. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-LPSTP with Live Siltation, Single-Stone Bendway Weirs, ECB with riprap to top bank with soil-choke & tree & shrub rooted-stock plantings. Note dead water near bank due to Bendway Weirs CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-25-2009 Soil-Choked Riprap

38. CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking @ the DS half of the project CONSTRUCTION BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B PIX BY DERRICK 9-25-2009 Soil- Choked Riprap

39. 1 YEAR AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION Photos by Dave Derrick SEPT. 12, 2010

40. 1 YEAR LATER-Looking DS @ mid-project area. LPSTP, Bendway Weirs, Soil-Choked Riprap & many plantings 1 YEAR LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 9-12-2010 Soil-Choked Riprap

41. 1 YEAR LATER-Looking US @ the transverse bar directing flow into the formerly eroding bank. Riprap with soil choke encapsulated with ECB with plantings. 1 YEAR LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 9-12-2010

42. 1 YEAR LATER-Looking @ section covered by full bank riprap, then soiled, seeded, & covered by Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) 1 YEAR LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 9-12-2010

43. 14 MONTHS AFTER PROJECT COMPLETION HIGH WATER Photos by Derrick Nov. 4, 2010

44. FROM UPSTREAM TO DOWNSTREAM

45. HIGH WATER-Looking @ the US end of Site 2-B. Soil-choked riprap. Water is redirected by the transverse bar toward the project (US arrows), but then redirected again by the Bendway Weirs (SSBW), DS arrow. 14 MONTHS LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 11-4-2010

46. HIGH WATER-All of the bank in this picture is rip rapped to top bank, soil-choked, seeded, & covered with a 700 series, 100% coir, 100% degradable, Erosion Control Blanket then container plants were installed. 14 MONTHS LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 11-4-2010

47. HIGH WATER-Close-up looking @ soil-choked riprap with Erosion Control Blanket & plantings. 14 MONTHS LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 11-4-2010

48. HIGH WATER-Close-up looking @ soil-choked riprap with Erosion Control Blanket & plantings. 14 MONTHS LATER-BUSHKILL CR-SITE 2-B - DERRICK 11-4-2010

49. PEYTON & CLEOPHUS READY TO DO SOME COLD WEATHER MOWING