1. The Cradle of Western Civilization B. Burgar, 2004

2. The Ancient Greeks… Earliest civilization 4000 yrs. old Developed democracy Developed Trial by Jury Gave us Tragedy and Comedy Gave us Theater Attempted to explain the world through the laws of nature Gave us The Olympics

3. Greek City-State Greece is a small, rocky peninsula All Greeks spoke the same language Greece did not have a king or queen Lived in a number of city-states, which were each a separate political unit Each city-state had its own personality- life in Sparta was different than life in Athens

4. Sparta Children taken from parents at age 7 Lived a harsh and brutal life in barracks Beat up by older kids to toughen up Whipped but not allowed to cry in pain Learned to lie, cheat, steal and get away with it Fierce and proud of strength

5. Athens Courteous and superbly educated in the arts and sciences Productive and capable in peace and war Taught at home by mother or male slave until 6 or 7 Until 14 attend neighborhood day school Four years of higher school Two years of military school at age 18

6. Greek Men Ran the government When not in fields spent great deal of time involved in politics Sailed, hunted, worked at a trade For fun: drinking parties, wrestling, horseback riding, Olympic games Parties were for men only Admired heroes in mythology and desired to emulate them

7. Greek Women Limited freedom outside the home Attended weddings, funerals, some religious festivals Women were in charge of the home and children Most Greek women had slaves to do housework Acted as tutors for young males Were not allowed to attend Olympics because the men did not wear clothes

8. Greek Girls Stayed home until married Were allowed to attend certain festivals, funerals and visit neighbors for brief periods of time Their job was to help the mother Helped in fields if necessary

9. Greek Boys Stayed home when young Helped in fields Sailed and fished At age 6 or 7 they went to school

10. Slaves Important to ancient Greek daily life Cleaned and cooked Worked in the fields, factories, mines, shops and on ships Could not go to school, enter politics, or use their own name Property of their owner, who named them

11. Ways People Became Slaves People became slaves when captured in battle Children of slaves Infants abandoned by parents Children sold into slavery by poor families Children kidnapped into slavery Historians believe there were as many slaves as citizens!

12. Greek Houses Made up of two or three rooms Built around a courtyard Larger homes might include kitchen, a room for bathing and separate sitting rooms for men or women Often had second story Family life centered around the courtyard Meals were eaten in the courtyard

13. Food Soil not fertile due to rockiness Greeks developed irrigation systems and crop rotation Grew: olives, grapes, and figs Kept goats for milk and cheese Grew wheat for bread where soil was fertile enough Fish, seafood, wine were popular In larger city-states meat could be purchased, but was rarely eaten. Used mostly for religious sacrifices

14. Clothing Simple tunics (linen) and warm cloaks (wool) Clothing was made by mothers, daughters, or female slaves Bleached white, or dyed bright colors Often decorated to represent their city-state Only the rich could afford jewelry Hats used only for traveling if at all

15. Education in Athens In Athens, the purpose of education was to train citizens in the arts for times of peace and war Many girls learned to read and write at home Books were expensive and rare so subjects were read aloud and boys had to memorize everything Used writing tablets and rulers Must study the words of Homer Learn to play the lyre After formal schooling, attended military school

16. Education in Sparta Purpose of education was to produce a well-drilled, well- disciplined marching army Males and females required to have perfect body Weak babies were left to die or made slaves Students were taught to read and write, but brutal military training was most important Students were underfed and encouraged to steal, but not to get caught If caught, they were beaten Boys forced to march without shoes