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Section 13.1 Quantitative Expressions of Concentration Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta.

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1 Section 13.1 Quantitative Expressions of Concentration Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta

2 Concentration Units In this section… a.Review of solubility b.Concentration units 1.molarity 2.weight percent i.ppm ii.ppb 3.molality 4.mole fraction

3 Classifications of Solubility Solubility = how much solute can dissolve in a solution at a given temperature Saturated solution: the solute concentration is at the solubility limit at a given temperature Unsaturated solution: the solute concentration of a solute is less than the solubility limit at a given temperature

4 Classifications of Solubility Supersaturated solution: the solute concentration exceeds the solubility limit at a given temperature Miscible mixture: two liquids that mix completely, forming a single phase Immiscible mixture: two liquids that do not intermix, forming two phases

5 Concentration units. The following examples all describe the very same solution. 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

6 Molarity: M or mol solute/L solution 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

7 Weight percent: % 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

8 Molality: m or mol solute/kg solvent 26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

9 Mole fraction:  26.0 g NaCl (0.445 mol NaCl) 100. g H 2 O (5.55 mol H 2 O) Total volume = 121 mL

10 Parts per Million and Parts per Billion: Used for dilute solutions

11 22 mL of a 5% solution of NaOCl is added to a washing machine that contains 8.6 gal water (= 32.7 L). What is the concentration NaOCl in ppm and ppb? Assume solution densities = 1 g/mL.

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