1. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) June 5th, 2007 Junfeng Zhou Promotor: Prof. Wim Dehaene KULeuven ESAT-MICAS Update of the “Digital EMC project”

2. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) EME and di/dt measurement Setups Low Drop-out / Serial Regulator AMIS digital load EMI-Suppressing Regulator (MICAS) GND VCC VDD VDD2 = 3.3 V VCCC =12 V i3i3i3i3 i 5 and V 2 i1i1 i 4 and V 1 PC configuration bits VCC = 4.5 V ~ 8 V i2i2 Setup-1 Setup-2 Setup-3 Semi-automatic setup is ready both for time and frequency domain !

3. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Description of the gate counts comparison 9 inverters Other 2 inverter chains FFs are connected through MUX FF Din CLK RST Out 60 FF Chain 2 Chain 3 Chain 4 Chain 5 1 inverter-chain Chain 1 MUX There are 7 work modes

4. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Some words on the comparison itself Focus on comparisons in Time Domain: | di/dt | maximum value Difficulty in comparison and interpretation in Frequency Domain:  Fundamental or harmonic frequency ? PEAK  Is it fair to only compare the PEAK in spectrum ?  How about when peak value happens in different harmonics for different waveform ?

5. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) An example 9.87x10 6 A/s Gate counts : condition 2 Gate counts : condition 4 56.7 dB uV 60.1 dB uV 1.25x10 7 A/s

6. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Setup-1 – di/dt vs. Slave Clock Domain ( MSFF ) untitled Note: 1. MSFF-chain 1 (no decoupling capacitor ), 2. MSFF - master slave non-overlap time 5.8 ns, 3. Periodic data input, 4. Clk=10 MHz, 1 slave clock domain 3 slave clock domains 1 slave clock domain : Disable delays between slave clock signals SCLK1, SCLK2 and SCLK3. 3 slave clock domains: Enable delays between slave clock signals SCLK1, SCLK2 and SCLK3. Conclusion: Very effective method, more than 2.5 time Very effective method, more than 2.5 time di/dt reduction,. di/dt reduction,.

7. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Setup-1 – di/dt vs. distributed clock ( MSFF ) untitled Note: 1. MSFF-chain 1 (no decoupling capacitor ), 2. Periodic data input, 3. Clk=10 MHz, master slave Non-overlap time 5.8ns 33ns Discussion: 1. Reduction is quite limited, expected more di/dt reduction ?! 2. Probably more apparent when more chains are on, 17.4ns

8. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Setup-1 – di/dt peak vs. Gate counts Note: 1. Periodic data input, 2. Clk= 10 MHz, 3. MSFF - master slave non-overlap time 5.8 ns. Description of gate counts: 1 1. Chain 1, neighbouring FFs are connected directly, 2 2. Chain 1, neighbouring FFs are connected via an inverter chain, + the upper inverter chain toggling, 3 3. ‘2’ condition + bottom inverter chains toggling, 4 4. chain 1 and 2 in ‘3’ condition, 5. 5. chain 1, 2 and 3 in ‘3’ condition 6 6. chain 1, 2, 3 and 4 in ‘3’ condition 7 7. chain 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in ‘3’ condition linear relationship from 3 ~ 7 1 2 3 45 6 7 di/dt vs. Gate counts Gate counts

9. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Setup-1 – di/dt peak vs. V DD In First order: di/dt is proportional to V DD Note: 1. DFF-chain 1 and MSFF-chain 1 (no decoupling capacitor ), 2. MSFF - master slave non-overlap time 5.8 ns 3. Clk = 10MHz, 4. Periodic data input, 5. VDD=1.5v, 2.0v, 2.7v, 3.3v.

10. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Setup-1 – di/dt vs. Clock Frequency To be discussed the relationship Note: 1. DFF-chain 1 and MSFF-chain 1 (no decoupling capacitor ), 2. MSFF - master slave non-overlap time 5.8 ns 3. Periodic data input, 4. Clk=2.5, 4, 5, 8,10 MHz 2.54 58 10

11. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Setup-1 – di/dt vs. Decoupling Strategy untitled Note: 1. Periodic data input, 2. Clk=8 MHz, 3. MSFF - master slave non-overlap time 5.8 ns 1: 1: No decoupling capacitors. 2: 2: 1/2 times PNMOS decoupling capacitors. 3: 3: PNMOS decoupling capacitors 4: 4: PNMOS decoupling capacitors, with thick metal 4 power ring. 5: 5: MIMC decoupling capacitors next to the chain, with the same capacity value as PNMOS capacitor in the chains 3 and 4. Conclusion: 1. decoupling capa helps to reduce the di/dt, 2. the MIMC capacitor is most effective, 3. Power ring might introduce noise, 12345 Note: PNMOS means Pseudo-NMOS 1 time PNMOS capacitor = ?? pF

12. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Questions for AMIS and KHBO What do you really want ?  time domain or frequency domain  Output = F unction (Input) ? If frequency domain ? What is the most important ?  I(w) ? ( spectra of i(t) )  s*I(w) ? ( spectra of di/dt ) For which is the Gabarit made ?

13. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Example of spectrum of di/dt 56.7 dB uV 60.1 dB uV 226.4 dB 227.7 dB Gate counts : condition 2 Gate counts : condition 4 jw

14. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Other conclusion It seems that MSFF is more di/dt friendly given the same other conditions, MSFF offers more degrees of freedom for di/dt reduction: Clock domains, Distributed Clock  more exploration needed !

15. MICAS Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) Future Work Interpretation of the measured results,  Time domain,  Frequency domain Model Construction