1. The EU : three pillars

2. Before the EU Foundation: Schuman 9/5/50 ECSC 1951-1952-1993 EDC 1950-1954 EEC1957-1958-1993 1958-1972 :HOPE: benign, Hallstein, CAP, 1965,1968 Customs Union, British Veto 1963/1967,The Hague 1972-1984:STAGNATION:1973 Yom Kippur, 1979 1984-1991: Renewed dynamism, SEA 1991- Maastricht

3. 1990s Maastricht Enlargement Euro Reform……

4. Structure of EU Origins – always political TEU – Maastricht (1991) 1992 1993 Amsterdam 1997-1999 Nice 2000 2003 IGCs Constitution or reform or….. May 2005 French No June Dutch No On not Of Pillars : 3 or 3½ or 4?

5. EU Different systems EEC – Economic - Customs Union,SEA,CAP,CCP,Competition, Development,EMU,Fisheries, Regional Policy,Energy,Environment,Transport Acquis communautaire Role of Commission, Council,EP & ECJ

6. Laws EU A regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods. A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is addressed. Recommendations and opinions shall have no binding force.

7. CFSP Commission,EP and ECJ cf Council // NOT LEGAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL PRESIDENCY COMMITMENT NO ART. V OBJECTIVES

8. STRATEGIES/JOINT ACTIONS/COMMON POSITIONS OPERATIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITY? ESDP Helsinki Petersberg Tasks

9. WHY PROBLEMATICAL? SENSITIVE UNPREDICTABILITY DIVERGENCIES HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC VISIONS HETEROGENEITY

10. JHA