1. 1) On what continent is Greece located? 2) Where is the island of Crete? 3) In what ways did the location of Greece encourage trade? 4) How did geography affect the development of ancient Greece? 5) Name the first two Greek civilizations.

2. 1) Europe 2) Crete is located south of Greece in the Mediterranean Sea. 3) Greece was in a central location with access to sea trade with Europe, Asia, and Africa. 4) Groups developed in isolation. 5) Minoans and Mycenaeans.

3. FrescoesPolisAcropolis AgoraIliadOdyssey HomerMythsOracles Olympic GamesAristocraciesHoplite TyrantsPopular Government Democracy

4. Sea: 85 miles wide from coast to coast. Sea traders Land: Mountains separated communities and made it difficult to unite Greece under 1 government. Poor transportation: 7 days to travel 60 miles. Little farmable land. Climate: Warm all year. Favorable for outdoor leisure activities.

5. Leading city on the Greek mainland. Ruled by a warrior king who had absolute power. The warrior king controlled local production and commercial trade. Led their armies throughout the peninsula and the mainland to rob and plunder.

6. Greek word for city-state is polis. A polis is an absolutely independent and self-sufficient community. Small area. Population less than 10,000. Most were slaves and non- citizens (didn’t own land). Built on a acropolis (hill) Each had an agora (marketplace) for selling goods and holding public meetings to discuss important matters. Considered all non-Greeks to be barbarians.

7. Polis’ were each ruled in many different ways: 1. Monarchy: King/Queen rule (Mycenae) 2. Aristocracy: Nobles rule (Athens) Hereditary and based on land ownership. Wealth and social status supports rulers authority. 3. Oligarchy: Government ruled by a few powerful citizens (Sparta 800-600 B.C.) Rule is based on wealth. Rulers control the military. 4. Tyranny: Powerful individual who gains control of the government. Dictatorship 5. Democracy: State ruled by a small group of citizens (Athens 461 B.C.) Rule is based on citizenship (free adult males). Majority rules.

8. MinoansMycenaeans LocationCreteGreek Mainland, Crete Dates2000 B.C.-1500 B.C. 1600 B.C.-1200 B.C. AchievementsIndoor running water, art, trade network, navy, written language Built fort-like cities throughout Greece, kept written records Reason For Collapse Volcanic eruption, tidal waves Earthquakes, war

9. MinoansMycenaeans Location Dates Achievements Reason For Collapse

10. Use textbook pages 121-125 to create a timeline showing the significant events of the Persian Wars. Make your timeline self-explanatory so that someone looking at it can understand the events of the Persian Wars and who took part in them. 546 B.C. 500 B.C. 492 B.C. 490 B.C. 480 B.C. 479 B.C.

11. Small SizeSmall PopulationSetting on a HillPublic Meeting Place

12. WritingsReligion Government

13. Social ClassesSpartaAthens Upper Middle Lower

14. 1) How did Sparta build its military society? 2) What changes led to Athens’ aristocratic government becoming a democracy? 3) How does direct democracy differ from representative democracy? 4) Who is credited with turning Athens into a democracy? 5) Which Greek leader erased the debts of the poor and outlawed slavery for debt?

15. 1. Young boys began military training at age 7 and served in the military until age 60. 2. Cleisthenes broke up the power if the aristocrats and created the Council of 500, comprised of citizens elected by their tribe. The council proposed laws, which were approved or vetoed by the Assembly made up of all citizens. 3. Direct Democracy=all citizens vote on all issues and laws. Representative Democracy=citizens vote for representatives who govern for them. 4. Cleisthenes 5. Solon

16. HelotsEphorsMetics ArchonsDirect Democracy Representative Democracy Persian WarsBattle of Marathon Battle of ThermopylaeThemistocles Delian LeaguePericles Peloponnesian War

17. Social ClassesSpartaAthens UpperEquals: descendents of the invaders Citizens: Athenian-born MiddleHalf-Citizens: free, non- descendents Metics: Non-citizens from outside Athens LowerHelots: slavesSlaves: captured in war. Treated as property.

18. SpartaAthens A)2 Hereditary kings: DUTY: 1 led the army while the other ruled the city-state. B) Council of Elders: 28 wealthy aristocrat males citizens over the age of 60. DUTY: Propose laws and served as the jury in criminal courts. C) Assembly: All male citizens 30+ years old. DUTY: Voted on laws proposed by Council of Elders. D) Ephors: 5 elected by the assembly for 1 year terms. DUTY: Made sure the kings did not abuse their power. Controlled the education of Spartans. Beginning: A)Assembly: all adult male citizens who owned land. Duties: Elect Generals; elect archons (9) as rulers to serve 1 year terms. B) Draco: Tryant who created harsh laws. C) Solon: divided all citizens into 4 groups based on wealth. 2 richest groups could hold office. Assembly: All citizens sat on the assembly and elected officials to office. Court: made up of citizen jurors D) Cleisthenes: turned Athens into a direct democracy. Council of 500: served 1 year term only. Duties: propose laws to the assembly. Assembly voted on laws. Jury: Citizens. Voted by secret ballot

19. SpartaAthens

20. Ideas of Democracy Athens ASSEMBLY= COUNCIL of 500= EXECUTIVE BRANCH= JURY= United States

21. 1) Name the two main city-states of Greece. 2) Name the Persian leader that defeated the Spartans at Thermopylae. 3) What alliance was created among Greek city-states with Athens being the leaders? 4) What great Greek general and political leader extended Athens’s empire and strengthened its navy? 5) What happened in Greece after the Peloponnesian War?

22. 1) Sparta and Athens 2) Xerxes 3) Delian League 4) Pericles 5) Greece became politically unstable and wars continued.

23. 546 B.C. 500 B.C. 492 B.C. 490 B.C. 480 B.C. 479 B.C.

24. 546 B.C.: Persia conquers Greek colonies in Asia Minor. 500 B.C.: Greek colonies rebel/Athens become involved. 492 B.C.: Persia conquers Thrace and Macedonia 490 B.C.: Athens defeats Persians at Battle of Marathon. 480 B.C.: Spartans inspire Greeks in loss at Battle of Thermopylae (300); Persians destroy Athens. 479 B.C.: Athens and Sparta defeat Persia at Plataea.

25. What changes did Pericles bring to Athens and to the rest of Greece?

26. Sparta info Athens info

27. 1) What do you recall about the Peloponnesian War and its aftermath? 2) Why did the events after the Peloponnesian War expose a country to conquest by an outside power.

28. 1) Destructive civil war; Sparta conquered Athens and fought with Thebes for domination of Greece. 2) Events caused disunity and weakness.

29. 1) Philip II is from Macedon. Where is Macedon located? 2) Why was Philip II able to defeat all of Greece in a short amount of time? 3) List all of the areas of the world Alexander the Great had conquered in just 5 years (by 331 B.C.)? 4) Why did Alexander the Great not go into northern India and continue trying to conquer the world? 5) What happened to Alexander the Great’s empire after his death?

30. 1) Northern Greece 2) Philip recruited and organized the best disciplined army in Macedonian history; Greek city-states did not unite to fight against Philip. 3) Conquered the Persian Empire, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt and Mesopotamia. 4) Alexander’s troops were tired and refused to go on. 5) Alexander’s empire was divided into thirds by his 3 main generals. 3 kingdoms created were Macedon, Egypt, and Syria

31. 1. Detail how Philip II of Macedon paved the way for cultural change. 2. Examine what Alexander the Great accomplished. 3. Identify the factors that contributed to the breakup of Alexander’s empire.

32. PhalanxOratorsDemosthenes Phillip II of MacedonAlexander the Great Hellenistic Culture

33. Moves into Greece One by one city-states fall Recruits paid army and applies Greek idea of phalanxes Athens fights, but city-states remain disunited Takes control of northern Athenian colonies Greece united under Philip’s rule Philip becomes king of Macedon Thebes and Athens defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C. Greek city-states are weakened by war and disunited Some, like Demosthenes, oppose

34. 9 events that led to Philip’s conquest of Greece. 1) Greek city-states are weakened by war and disunited 2) Philip becomes king of Macedon 3) Recruits paid army and applies Greek idea of phalanxes 4) Takes control of northern Athenian colonies 5) Moves into Greece 6) Some, like Demosthenes, oppose 7) Athens fights, but city-states remain disunited 8) One by one city-states fall 9) Thebes and Athens defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C. 10) Greece united under Philip’s rule.

35. 1) 2) What did Alexander do to accomplish each goal? Assess whether or not he accomplished it. 3) Why did Alexander’s empire collapse after his death? Goals of Alexander the Great Conquer the worldSpread Greek CultureManage an Empire

36. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEabk4FnSaIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEabk4FnSaI (Part 1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCb- 4DCOmPQ&feature=relmfuhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCb- 4DCOmPQ&feature=relmfu (Part 2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zaM4dYnFm0&feature=rel mfuhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zaM4dYnFm0&feature=rel mfu (Part 3 Hellenistic Culture) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dof_uF1_0I&feature=relmf uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dof_uF1_0I&feature=relmf u (Part 4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecw (Parts 1-4, first 30 minutes)

38. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (This is Sparta) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ew4qCi-- QY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=ac tivehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ew4qCi-- QY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=ac tive (Thermopylae )