1. GLOBALISATION AND CITIZENSHIP

2. Nation-state/citizenship T.H. Marshall – political, civil, social Political community Rights Boundaries Identity Nation-state/system of nation-state Sovereignty

3. Effect of globalisation Tied to impact on state Demise of nation state Transformation of nation-state Nature of transformation State/societal relationship Rights in nation-state or international law Human Rights? Formal equality of citizenship

4. De-nationalized citizenship – Saskia Sassen – (global city) Post-National Citizenship Fragmented citizenship Hybridity and globalization De-territorialization of citizenship

5. De-territorialization of citizenship De-nationalizing citizenship Citizenship practices and identities Loyalty and allegiance Citizenship and nationality? Saskia Sassen Not formal nationality but effective nationality Formal nationality only in one state – allegiance to one state Multilateral codification of law to rule out dual nationality

6. Changes in 1980s and 1990s alter institutions of citizenship and its relation to nationality, Dual and multiple nationalities increasing Benefits (movement of capital, people – tied to changes in global economy) Withdrawal of citizenship entitlements (welfare) – de-nationalizing citizenship

7. Welfare – marker of social right, shared belonging in political community, Allegiance and loyalty to state De-nationalizing citizenship weaken loyalty and sense of reciprocity between individuals and citizens Citizenship once source of social protection (welfare) under threat

8. Stateless people, refugees, aboriginals status within states? Alternative practices of citizenship, escape statist enclosures Effective nationality and informal citizenship Undocumented migrants tied to communities of residence

9. Denizenship Formal, legal status of citizenship absent, but access to other social goods Immigrants vote in municipal elections Schooling Medical aid. US immigration law changed in 1996 300,000 Salvadorans and Guatemalans suspended deportation

10. Post-National citizenship Citizenship as enabling social practices Political agency separate from or not tied to formal national citizenship (e.g. – cases of formal citizenship exclude political subjectivity – women) Claim of post-national citizenship that citizenship is located outside national EU?

11. Saskia Sassens notion of de-nationalized citizenship – implies transformation of national Strengthen of civil rights, Granting rights to foreign actors foreign firms, foreign investors, international markets, business – the boundaries of national and non-national blur

12. Global –city – disadvantaged populations Shanty town dwellers - political, economic cultural –Global corporate capital and immigration –Changes in institutions and social practices of citizenship –Powerlessness - –Presence = possibility of politics, concrete localities

13. Fragmented citizenship Dual citizenship Multiple EU/overlapping borders, transnational Immigrants – women economic rights, denial of reproductive rights