1. Dr Christopher Kollmeyer 26 Feb 2008 SO4530 Antonio Gramsci: Power through Ideological Leadership

2. A reminder to 4 th -year undergraduates Please take the National Student Survey: www.thestudentsurvey.com

3. Note on Readings The Gramsci Reader Pp. 323-347 (section on culture as common sense) Deguili and Kollmeyer. 2007. Bringing Gramsci Back In Pp. 500-502. http://wes.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/21/3/497

4. Biographical Notes on Gramsci Italian (born 1891, died 1937) University at Turin (Fiat and class conflict) Co-founder of Italian Communist Party Jailed by Mussolini in 1926 Main work: Prison Notebooks

5. Culture, Ideology, & Early Marxism Karl Marx Base-Superstructure Exploitation class consciousness Friedrich Engels False consciousness

6. State-Civil Society Distinction in Politics Rule by controlling state politics: How much coercion is needed? Compromise Coercion Hegemony (Soft power) Domination (Hard power)

7. Rule through Civil Society: How accepted are the ideas of the dominant class? Hegemony Leadership Common Sense VeryNot at all Counter- Hegemony? Opposition

8. Key Concepts Restated The State Civil Society Hegemony –State Politics (compromise) –Civil Society (intellectual leadership) Common Sense Counter-hegemony War of manoeuvre vs. War of position

9. Summary Modes of rule according to Gramsci: 1.Ideological leadership (CS hegemony) 2.Compromise (Political hegemony) 3.Coercion (Police-military force) Hegemony re-established daily Significant political change requires new morality