1. FOR STARTERS: AVID STRATEGY: Analyze Turn to pages 166-167 and answer the following timeline questions: 1.What year did France recognize American independence? 2.Where was the first major battle of the Revolutionary War? 3.What battle marked the turning point in the Revolution? 4.In what treaty did Britain recognize American independence?

2. FOR STARTERS: AVID STRATEGY: EVALUATE John Adams said: “The revolution was in the minds of people, and this was effected from 1760-1775…before a drop of blood was drawn at Lexington.” What do you think Adams meant by this?

3. FOR STARTERS Turn to page 169 and read the three paragraphs under “Rebels take Ticonderoga.” Why was Fort Ticonderoga an important prize?

4. FOR STARTERS AVID STRATEGY: INTERPRET Turn to page 170 and answer the Geography skills questions 2-3.

5. FOR STARTERS AVID STRATEGY: EVALUATE Turn to page 175 and read “Remember the Ladies” by Abigail Adams and answer the bold question.

6. FOR STARTERS Turn to page 173 (and 174) and read the section on Common Sense. Why do you think he called his pamphlet “Common Sense”?

7. FOR STARTERS: AVID STRATEGY: APPLY John Adams predicted the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence would be “celebrated by succeeding generations…with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations.” What does the 4 th of July mean to you? Why?

8. FOR STARTERS AVID STRATEGY: INTERPRET Turn to page 189 and read the American Profile on John Paul Jones and answer the bold question.

9. CONTENT OBJECTIVES: 6.8.4 Explain the major ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence 6.8.5 Describe key people and events of the American Revolution

10. LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES: SWBAT: Fulfill the content objectives by analyzing primary sources, taking notes, and viewing pictures and photos.

11. AMERICAN REVOLUTION KEY TERMS Blockade Traitor Preamble Natural Rights Ally Guerrilla Siege Ratify

12. BLOCKADE

13. TRAITOR Benedict Arnold

14. PREAMBLE

15. NATURAL RIGHTS Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Samuel Adams

16. ALLY

17. GUERRILLA

18. SIEGE American siege at Yorktown

19. RATIFY Delegates in painting above discuss ratification of the Constitution

20. OLIVE BRANCH PETITION (May 10, 1775) After Lexington and Concord, colonial delegates sent this petition from the Second Continental Congress to King George III It was called the “Olive Branch” because it’s a symbol of peace—the delegates were trying to end the disagreements peacefully

21. “Extending the Olive Branch” Delegates requested repeal of the Intolerable Acts Britain rejected the terms of this petition and King George III sent in 20,000 troops

22. THE CONTINENTAL ARMY Second Continental Congress selected George Washington as commander of the Continental Army They called themselves the Patriots

23. General George Washington

24. The Continental Army Disadvantages: poorly organized (at first), few cannons, little gunpowder, no navy Advantages: fighting a defensive war, knew their own land better

25. THE BRITISH Known as the “Redcoats” Supported by “loyalists” who lived in the colonies, but still supported the British

26. BRITISH ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Advantages: highly trained, experienced troops, plenty of weapons, best navy in the world Disadvantages: fighting a war 3,000 miles from home (it took days or weeks for supplies to be shipped from Britain)

27. BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL (June 16, 1775) Colonel William Prescott led 1,200 Patriots up Bunker hill near Boston but moved to nearby Breed’s Hill for better positioning Became the first major battle of the war From there, Prescott could fire upon British ships in Boston Harbor

28. “DON’T FIRE UNTIL YOU SEE THE WHITES OF THEIR EYES!” COL. WILLIAM PRESCOTT

29. BUNKER HILL CONT… At sunrise, British General William Howe sent 2,400 Redcoats to attack the Americans’ position British were victorious, but it showed the Americans wouldn’t be easy to defeat 1,000 British were killed or wounded, to only 400 Americans

30. AMERICANS SIEGE BOSTON When Washington reached the outskirts of Boston a few weeks later, he found 16,000 troops waiting He trained them into a well-organized army He also received some cannons to attack the British that the Green Mountain Boys had raided from Fort Ticonderoga

31. REDCOATS LEAVE When General Howe realized what he was against, he and his troops left Boston British continued to blockade all colonial ports

32. Washington and his troops lay siege to Boston

33. COMMON SENSE Written by Thomas Paine in 1776 His goal was to convince colonists that it was necessary to separate from Britain He said that Americans owed no loyalty to King George III or any other monarch. This document sold the idea to many Americans that we must separate from Britain

34. Thomas Paine

35. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Delegates at the Second Continental Congress knew that they would be considered “traitors” if they left the empire Thomas Jefferson was given the job of writing the Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 (Independence Day), the document was adopted

36. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE MAIN PARTS: 1.Preamble Describes why independence is necessary 2.Natural Rights Describes how all men deserve certain freedoms 3.British Wrongs A big list of things the British did to cause this action 4.Independence Announced “The United States of America”

37. Thomas Jefferson Author of the Declaration of Independence 3 rd President Died 50 years to the day that the Declaration was adopted: July 4, 1826 (the same day as John Adams)

38. Common Sense Dec. of Ind.

39. A BAD START FOR WASHINGTON Battle of Long Island was a bad defeat for Washington in August 1776 General Howe had 44,000 troops to Washington’s 20,000 1,400 American killed, wounded, or captured and retreated to Manhattan, NY and then into Pennsylvania

40. DISCUSSION QUESTION: If you were a newspaper reporter, how would you evaluate General Washington’s handling of the Battle of Long Island? LEVEL THREE QUESTION: EVALUATE (WOW! WE HAVE SOME BRILLIANT STUDENTS IF THEY CAN ANSWER THIS TOUGH QUESTION!!!)

41. Nathan Hale (1755-1776) Washington ordered him to spy on the British in New York to learn of Howe’s plans Hale was captured and hanged Before he was hanged, Hale uttered these famous words: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”

42. AMERICANS GAIN MOMENTUM Battle of Trenton (New Jersey) Washington organized a surprise attack on Trenton, first by crossing the Delaware river on Christmas night (cold!!!) (December 26, 1776) Americans quickly defeat Hessian troops there Washington tricked British after that by leading them into Princeton and defeating them there too

43. WASHINGTON CROSSES THE DELAWARE RIVER General George Washington Future president James Monroe

44. TURNING POINT! Battle of Saratoga (October 17,1777) ended in American victory in New York This ended the British threat to New England—they would turn their attention to the south thereafter The French see the Americans can win The French join the Americans in fighting the British and contribute a much needed navy

45. The U.S. and France became Allies in the war against Britain

46. WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE Valley Forge is northwest of Philadelphia The winter of 1777-1778 was bitterly cold and snowy Washington’s troops were stationed here in tents throughout the winter

47. The harsh conditions at Valley Forge nearly defeated Washington’s army without a single shot being fired. Many soldiers deserted their posts or died of disease.

48. DISCUSSION QUESTION #2 Imagine you are a soldier and just had a huge victory at Saratoga but then have to suffer through the terrible winter at Valley Forge…speculate how you would be feeling. LEVEL THREE QUESTION: SYNTHESIZE Like Rocky before the big fight, we’re getting’ stronger!!

49. END OF WINTER MEANS NEW LIFE! Patriots from around the country sent food and cloths to aid the soldiers there When this was over, this marked the end of the bad news for the American military A monument stands today remembering the soldiers who died and suffered the harsh winter at Valley Forge, PA.

50. WOMEN PATRIOTS When men when off to fight, women filled those jobs left behind by men Many women helped the men after the battles helping the wounded, washing clothes, and cooking Betsy Ross sewed flags for Washington’s army

51. Betsy Ross (from Philadelphia) Notice the 13 stars on the flag to represent the 13 new U.S. states Today, the flag has changed to accommodate the 50 U.S. states

52. AFRICAN AMERICAN PATRIOTS Washington allowed Africans to join the army after some indecision 5,000 joined the army, 2,000 in navy 9 fought at Lexington and Concord Some served as drummers, fifers, spies, and guides

53. James Armistead Served as a spy for the Americans by joining the British as a volunteer in the army camps The information he gained helped the Americans win at the Battle of Yorktown

54. THE BRITISH MOVE SOUTH British moved south under the leadership of Sir Henry Clinton because they thought there were more loyalists in the south British seized the cities of Savannah, Charleston, and Camden making the strategy look successful at first Sir Henry Clinton

55. BUT… They burned down people’s homes, farms, and killed civilians (including women and children) Many loyalists or regular people who didn’t really care of the war became loyal PATRIOTS!!

56. DISCUSSION QUESTION #3 What is your opinion of WHY the British burned down homes and farms and killed innocent civilians. LEVEL THREE QUESTION: EVALUATE OUR BRAINS ARE GETTIN’ BIGGER AND BIGGER! SOON WE WILL REQUIRE RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY TO HOLD ALL OF OUR HUGE THINK-TANKS

57. General Nathanael Greene used guerilla tactics to frustrate the British General Daniel Morgan scored victory at the Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina

58. AN AMERICAN TRAITOR Benedict Arnold joined the British after leaving the American army because he felt he wasn’t being rewarded for his good work He commanded British forces to raided towns in New England Washington, Jefferson, and others wanted him found and hanged, but he was never captured

59. TRAITOR!!!! BENEDICT ARNOLD CRY BABY!!!

60. BATTLE AT YORKTOWN General Cornwallis decided to retreat to the Yorktown Peninsula because he felt he could get supplies via the sea and the British navy (major mistake) The French navy cut off the sea from the British fleet and the military laid siege on the land October 19, 1781, the British surrendered and handed over their weapons Final major battle of the war, and the Americans had won

61. TREATY OF PARIS Ended the war officially The British recognized the U.S.A. as an independent nation April 15, 1783, Congress ratified the treaty

62. WHY THE AMERICANS WON 1.Help from France and Spain 2.Growing American Patriotism 3.Home-field advantage 4.Better military training as the war went on

63. THE WAR ENDS, AND A NEW NATION IS OFFICIALLY BORN

64. CAUSE AND EFFECT THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION CAUSESEFFECTS