1. New Testament Background Production and Canon

2. Contents ❖ Biography ❖ History ❖ Epistles ❖ Apocalypse

3. P52 John 18:31–33, 37–38 125 AD

4. Papyrus

5. Papyrus

6. P46 200 AD Hebrews 2:5

7. Uncials/Majuscules Sinaiticus: Fourth Century www.codexsinaiticus.org

8. Vaticanus Middle of the Fourth Century

9. Minuscule 9th –16th centuries

10. Manuscripts - 5700 ❖ Papyri - (125 to 300 AD) 120 ❖ Uncials/Majuscules - (300 to 800 AD) 310 ❖ Minuscules - (800 to 1500 AD) 2877 ❖ Lectionaries - (500 to 1600) 2432 ❖ Versions (100–900 AD) ❖ Citations by Church Fathers (200–500)

11. Families ❖ Alexandrian ❖ p66, p75, X, V ❖ closest to original ❖ Western ❖ D, Old Latin ❖ Expanded ❖ Byzantine/Ecclesiastical ❖ A, Majority Text ❖ harmonized and cleaned

12. INTHEGREATGREENROOMTHEREWASATELEPHONEANDAREDB ALLOONANDAPICTUREOFTHECOWJUMPINGOVERTHEMNANDT HEREWERETHREELITTLEBEARSSITTINGONCHAIRSANDTWOLIT TLEKITTENSANDAPAIROFMITTENSANDALITTLETOYHOUSEAND AYOUNGMOUSEANDACOMBANDABRUSHANDABOWLFULLOFM USHANDAQUIETOLDLADYWHOWASWHISPERINGHUSHGOODNI GHTMNGOODNIGHTMNGOODNIGHTCOWJUMPINGOVERTHEMN GOODNIGHTLIGHTNADTHEREDBALLOONGOODNIGHTBEARSG OODNIGHTCHAIRSGOODNIGHTKITTENSANDGOODNIGHTMITTE NSGOODNIGHTCLOCKSANDGOODNIGHTSOCKSGOODNIGHTLI TTLEHOUSEANDGOODNIGHTMOUSEGOODNIGHTCOMBANDGO ODNIGHTBRUSHGOODNIGHTNOBODYGOODNIGHTMUSHANDG OODNIGHTTOTHEOLDLADYWHISPERINGHUSHGOODNIGHTSTA RSGOODNIGHTAIRGOODNIGHTNOISESEVERYWHERE

13. Transcription Errors ✤ Unintentional ❖ Eye ❖ Ear ✤ Intentional ❖ Spelling or Grammar ❖ Historical difficulty ❖ Harmonizing ❖ Complements ❖ Doctrine

14. Deciding Between Variants ❖ External ❖ Date and Character of Witness ❖ Internal ❖ Scribal ❖ more difficult ❖ shorter ❖ Book ❖ author’s style ❖ immediate context

15. Implications for Trusting Scripture ❖ number ❖ time ❖ spread ❖ character ❖ science

16. Bibliography ❖ Aland, Kurt and Barbara Aland. The Text of the New Testament. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989. ❖ Metzger, Bruce M. and Bart D. Ehrman. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2005.