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2. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Municipal Government in North Carolina Section 2:Section 2:County Government Section 3:Section 3:Government Finances Visual Summary

3. Chapter Intro 1 Local governments are the governments closest and most accessible to you. They provide citizens with basic services such as education; fire and police protection; and water, sewage, and sanitation.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: Municipal Government in North Carolina People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals. Municipal governments—city governments—provide many services to North Carolinians.

5. Chapter Intro 2 Section 2: County Government People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals. Each of North Carolina’s counties is both a local government and a kind of branch office for the state government.

6. Chapter Intro 2 Section 3: Government Finances Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. North Carolina governments at the state and local levels create budgets for operating their governments every year.

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8. Section 1-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals.

9. Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary county county seat ordinance incorporate charter home rule at-large election Academic Vocabulary estimate expand professional

10. A.A B.B Section 1-Polling Question Do you believe that state laws should supersede local laws? A.Yes B.No

11. Section 1 Structure and Organization Local governments are created by the state.

12. Section 1 Structure and Organization (cont.) The two basic types of local government are counties and municipalities.counties Counties: –Largest territorial and political subdivision –Each has a county seatcounty seat –100 counties in North Carolina

13. Section 1 Structure and Organization (cont.) Municipalities: –Cities, towns, or villages

14. Section 1 Structure and Organization (cont.) Counties and Municipalities: –Legislative, executive, and most have judicial branches of local government –Can raise money through taxes and spend public funds –Can pass ordinancesordinances

15. Section 1 Structure and Organization (cont.) The General Assembly creates North Carolina’s local governments and decides what authority and responsibility they have.

16. Section 1 Which plays a larger role in your daily life, county or municipal government? A.County B.Municipal A.A B.B

17. Section 1 Municipalities Municipalities are units of government—cities, towns, and villages—that have legal rights granted by the state through their charters.

18. Section 1 Municipalities (cont.) North Carolina has more than 540 cities, towns, and villages. Each city, town, and village has been has been incorporated as a municipality by the state and has received a charter.incorporatedcharter Some municipalities have “home rule” authority.home rule Cities can expand through annexation. Population Change

19. Section 1 Municipalities (cont.) Each municipality elects its own governing board such as a city council. Elections of the governing board may be by district, at-large, or a combination of both.at-large Most municipalities in North Carolina have a mayor who presides over meetings. Except for the smallest municipalities, most have a council-manager system.

20. A.A B.B Section 1 Is better to elect a head executive or appoint one in the form of a manager? A.Elect B.Appoint

21. Section 1-End

22. Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea People form governments to establish order, provide security, and accomplish common goals.

23. Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary public policy special district Academic Vocabulary guideline

24. A.A B.B Section 2-Polling Question Should county services supersede municipal services? A.Yes B.No

25. Section 2 Governing the Counties The county is normally the largest territorial and political subdivision of a state.

26. Section 2 Governing the Counties (cont.) North Carolina has 100 counties.

27. Section 2 Governing the Counties (cont.) North Carolina counties: –Set local public policypublic policy –Carry out certain state guidelines and laws –Governed by county boards of commissioners

28. Section 2 Governing the Counties (cont.) County boards of commissioners: –Three to as many as eleven elected members –Two- or four-year terms depending on the county –Include a chairperson

29. Section 2 Governing the Counties (cont.) The board of county commissioners has general responsibilities for county policies. Independent boards created by the General Assembly oversee specific services that the state requires the counties to provide. Each of the 116 local education authorities (LEAs) has its own board. Councils of Government

30. A.A B.B Section 2 Are county governments more independent or extensions of the state government on a local level? A.Independent B.Extensions of state government

31. Section 2 County Offices The state of North Carolina provides county governments with a variety of organizational structures.

32. Section 2 County Offices (cont.) Most counties use a professional manager to administer the policies and services that the board has established. County managers run some county departments.

33. Section 2 County Offices (cont.) Departments not reporting through a county manager include: –Sheriff’s department –Department of the register of deeds –Independent boards Major Services Provided by Local Government

34. Section 2 County Offices (cont.) A special district is a unit of government that deals with a specific function.special district

35. A.A B.B Section 2 Should county managers be elected by the citizens of each county? A.Yes B.No

36. Section 2-End

37. Section 3-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.

38. Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary balanced budget Academic Vocabulary revise convince portion

39. A.A B.B Section 3-Polling Question Should the state be allowed to borrow money for operating expenses when there is a budget shortfall? A.Yes B.No

40. Section 3 The State Budget Process State officials must create a balanced budget each year.

41. Section 3 The State Budget Process (cont.) Two parts of a budget: –Revenues –Expenditures

42. Section 3 The State Budget Process (cont.) All state and local governments in North Carolina use a July 1–June 30 fiscal year. The General Assembly adopts a biennial, or two-year budget, in each odd-numbered year.

43. Section 3 The State Budget Process (cont.) The process of passing a budget: –The governor proposes a balanced budget to the General Assembly.balanced budget –The General Assembly studies it and revises it. –The General Assembly passes the revised budget. Balancing the Budget

44. Section 3 The State Budget Process (cont.) Schools and health and human services make up over half of all expenditures. Income tax provides over half of all revenues. Any budget surpluses can be either spent or put into rainy day fund. North Carolina State Budget, 2006–2007

45. Section 3 The State Budget Process (cont.) North Carolina governments can not borrow money for their operating expenses. State and local governments can borrow money for capital projects. Taxes Per Capital*, Selected States, 2006

46. A.A B.B Section 3 Should the state government be allowed to save money or should it be returned to the taxpayers? A.Save money B.Return to money taxpayers

47. Section 3 Municipal and County Budgets Local governments face many of the same financial pressures that the state government faces.

48. Section 3 Municipal and County Budgets (cont.) Local governments are required to pass a balanced budget by the beginning of each fiscal year (July 1). Craven County Budget, FY 2006

49. Section 3 Municipal and County Budgets (cont.) Local expenditures include: –Utilities –Public safety –Education –Human services

50. Section 3 Municipal and County Budgets (cont.) Local revenues include: –Utility user fees –Property taxes –Sales tax –Intergovernmental revenues

51. A.A B.B Section 3 Should local governments own utilities or would the utilities be better off privately owned? A.Government owned B.Privately owned

52. Section 3-End

53. VS 1 Local Government Counties and municipalities are the two basic types of government in North Carolina. Counties and municipalities have different responsibilities. Counties and municipalities provide many services to North Carolina’s citizens. The General Assembly decides what powers local governments have.

54. VS 2 Municipalities North Carolina has more than 540 cities, towns, and villages. Cities, towns, and villages are municipalities. Each city, town, and village has been incorporated as a municipality by the state. Each North Carolina municipality has a governing board that may be called the council, the board of commissioners, or the board of aldermen. Voters who live in each municipality elect its governing board.

55. VS 3 Counties The General Assembly has divided North Carolina into 100 counties. The major governing board is the board of county commissioners. The voters of the counties elect the commissioners.

56. VS 4 Financing Government State officials must create a balanced budget for operating their government each year. Borrowing provides lawmakers with additional funds for capital purchases but it also has disadvantages. Local governments face many of the same financial pressures as the state government faces.

57. VS-End

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69. Vocab1 county normally the largest territorial and political subdivision of a state

70. Vocab2 county seat a town where the county courthouse is located

71. Vocab3 ordinance a law, usually of a city or county

72. Vocab4 incorporate to receive a state charter, officially recognizing the government of a locality

73. Vocab5 charter a written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments; or a government document granting permission to organize a corporation

74. Vocab6 home rule allows cities to write their own charters, choose their own type of government, and manage their own affairs

75. Vocab7 at-large election an election for an area as a whole; for example, statewide

76. Vocab8 estimate to judge the approximate nature, value, quality, or amount of a thing

77. Vocab9 expand to increase in size or amount

78. Vocab10 professional engaging or working in a profession

79. Vocab11 public policy the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem

80. Vocab12 special district a unit of government that deals with a specific function, such as education, water supply, or transportation

81. Vocab13 guideline an outline or guide for a future course of action

82. Vocab14 balanced budget annual budget in which expenditures equal revenues

83. Vocab15 revise to correct or improve

84. Vocab16 convince to persuade through argument or evidence

85. Vocab17 portion a share or part of a whole

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