2. CHAPTER 8 PRESENTATIONS Period 2

3. Questions 1)Joseph Pulitzer bought which newspaper? 2)________ art was developed by Europeans 3)__________________ gave birth to 1000’s of books, magazines and newspapers 4)William Randolph Hearst started __________ 5)Who was the advocate of realism in art? New York World Abstract Printing techniques tabloids William Henri

4. 1.What system bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer? 2.What act gave government assistance for irrigation projects?

5. 1.Debt Peonage 2.National Reclamation Act

6. 1.What was the original name of Central Park? 2. Who started the movement for urban parks?  “Greensward”   Fredrick Law Olmstead  The end!

7. Questions... What was the famous book written by W.E.B. Du Bois? What was Booker T. Washington’s opinion on how racism would end? Who helped find universities which opened between 1865 and 1868? Who headed the Tuskegree Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama? (hint…his first name is Booker) Souls of the Black Folk Racism would end once blacks acquired labor skills. Freedman’s Bureau Booker T. Washington

8. Questions Who revolutionized the photography business by inventing the first film camera? Answer: George Eastman. What major field emerged from the invention of the Kodak Camera? Answer: Photojournalism. What discouraged common people from using cameras before Kodak? Answers: Glass slides, Excessive weight of equipment, picture-taking was very time- consuming.

10. 1.What is Lynching? 2.What caused the New York City Race Riot of 1900? 3.What were African Americans looking for when they moved north? The punishment of African Americans who were caught breaking etiquette. A young black man killed a white police officer Better jobs and social equality

11. * Questions * 1. What is Racial Etiquette? –Informal rules and customs that regulate relationships. 2.Where did most immigrants go to school? –The America’s free public schools. 3.Why did Catholics send children to Catholic schools? –They disagreed with the children reading from the James Version of the Bible. 4.What did adults do to be more “Americanized”? –They attended night school to learn English and become citizens.

12. The man himself WILLIAM TORREY HARRIS “Every [educational] method must…be looked at from two points of view: first, its capacity to secure the development of rationality or of the true adjustment of the individual to the social whole; and, second, its capacity to strengthen the individuality of the pupil and avoid the danger of obliterating the personality of the child by securing blind obedience in place of intelligent cooperation, and by mechanical memorizing in place of rational insight. -quoted in Public Schools and Moral Education

13. Educational Reformer, US commissioner of education from 1889-1906; promoted ides of great educators like Horace man and John Dewey expressing that schools exist for the children not the teachers Many middle class reformers viewed the public schools as training grounds for employment and citizenship. They believed economic development depended on scientific & technologic knowledge others thought public schools were the best opportunities to assimilate the millions of immigrants entering the American Society. Almost everyone believed that public education was needed for a wealthy democratic nation. Most states had established public school by the civil war, although many school age children were illiterate. The majority of students who were put in schools usually left with in four years, and few even made it to high school.

14. ~Between 1865 and 1895 states made a requirement of schools attendance from 12 to 16 weeks annually of students between the ages of 8 and 14. ~Reading, writing, and arithmetic was taught in school at that time. ~Many students were miserable due to strict rules and physical punishment. ~At school about 62% of white children attended elementary school ~Only 34% of African American children attended elementary school.

15. Between 1880 and 1920, college enrollments more than quadrupled. Enrollment went from 6 percent to about 85 percent. The research university emerged, offering more classes Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 provided much financial support to state universities to help them out. At the beginning of the century, about 2 percent of Americans ages 18-24 were attending colleges. During the 1920’s and 30’s “Progressive education” was focused for the education system.

16. What was the nickname for skyscrapers?  “A new thing under the sun.” What problem did the skyscrapers solve?  Skyscrapers solved the problem of how to best use limited and expensive space. What transformed urban transportation?  Electricity How were Subways made?  By moving the rail lines underground

17. Questions? 1. What were the two most popular sports at the turn of the 20 th century? 2. What were the two African American baseball leagues? boxing and baseball. the Negro National League and the Negro American League.

18. Questions Where did modern tennis originate? Give two changes made with the safety bike. What was introduced at the World Exposition in 1893 in Chicago?

19. Answers North Wales Smaller Wheels, Air Filled Tires, Dropped Frame, No crossbar Ferris Wheel

20. 1) Why is the date January 1, 1867 in the Grandfather Clause significant? A: A: Before that time, freed slaves did not have the right to vote. 2) How did the Plessy vs. Ferguson case affect the civil rights of African Americans? A: A: It allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equal service. 3) Where was racial segregation put into effect? A: A: Schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems through the South.