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Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 2 1/19/2012 Its Cold! 2/06/2014.

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Presentation on theme: "Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 2 1/19/2012 Its Cold! 2/06/2014."— Presentation transcript:

1 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 2 1/19/2012 Its Cold! 2/06/2014

2 Discovering the overwintering habits of D. suzukii Alex Hughan*, Amy J Dreves, and Amanda Ohrn Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 3 Eric Simmons

3 Overwintering Abilities of SWD Little is known in literature 400 flies (Kanzawa 1939) <1% survival over 3 years Trap catch shows same trend Winter refuges & heat island effect (Coop and Dreves Unpublished) Late fall morph Increased cold acclimation ability (Shearer and Brown Unpublished Data) Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 4 Eric Simmons

4 Overwintering Abilities of Drosophila Family D. melanogaster species group Stored triacylglycerols (Ohtsu et al. 1993) Cold hardening and acclimation (Rajamohan et al. 2009) D. pseudoobscura Reproductive diapause (Collett et al. 2001) Fertile sperm storage (Collett et al. 2001) Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 5

5 Motivation of SWD Food Protection Acquire Mates Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 6

6 Behavior of SWD Fall Decomposing and late harvest fruits splitting grapes, decomposing apples, figs, walnut, persimmons Winter Shift in abundance from crops to bordering trees Blueberries to surrounding trees Spray fields show greater SWD abundance than no spray Spring Feeding prior to oviposition Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 7

7 Past Hypotheses and Observations “It is said” between leaves and pebbles (Kyoiku 2003) D. pseudoobscura Fermenting leaves (Collett et al. 2001) Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 8

8 9 Adjacent Trees/Habitat

9

10 How can we utilize this knowledge? Management practices Attract and kill Mass trapping Windows of opportunity Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 11

11 So where are they? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 12

12 Soil or duff layers? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 13

13 Soil? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 14

14 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 15

15 Soil? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 16

16 Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 17

17 Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 18

18 Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 19

19 Fallen Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 20

20 Hanging Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 21

21 Hanging Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 22

22 Hanging Fruit? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 23

23 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 24

24 Lichens or barks of bordering trees? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 25

25 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 26

26 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 27

27 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 28

28 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 29

29 Lichens or barks of bordering trees? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 30

30 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 31

31 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 32

32 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 33

33 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 34

34 Or maybe the leaf litter? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 35

35 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 36

36 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 37

37 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 38

38 Results Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 39 Location (Sample Type)SWD Presence Soil/DuffNo Fallen FruitYes (8) Hanging FruitYes (6) Cardboard CondoNo Trees/Lichens Bug VacuumYes (5) Leaf LitterNo Underneath board in hoophouseYes (3) Under black plastic lining strawberriesYes (2) Eric Simmons

39 40 Predator survey of leaf litter/soil/debris collected under late-season blueberry plants 2012

40 How can we interpret these finding? Preference for sites providing Shelter (Architecture) Fuel Future research a need for conclusive results! Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 41

41 A Needle in a Haystack Assumptions: OW SWD Population = 5000 individuals/acre Farm Size (BBM) = 6 square acre’s w/ 33m ceiling Each fly has a ~27m^3 volume space at BBM!! Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 42

42 What questions exist? What triggers SWD to enter diapause? Winter survival more passive or active? (<1%) What have SWD’s cousin’s done? Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 43 Eric Simmons

43 Thank You Amy J Dreves, Amanda Ohrn for your mentorship thus far. A special thank you to Rich Little (retired entomologist) and Amy J Dreves for the planning and creation of an effective bug vacuum BBM and DF for hosting my research on their land. USDA-NIFA-SCRI Grant Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan 44

44 45 Oregon State University | Crop and Soil Sci. Dept. | College of Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences | Alex Hughan

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