1. Reach extension of passive optical networks using semiconductor optical amplifiers A E Kelly, C. Michie, I. Andonovic, J. McGeough, S Kariaganopoulos

2. Standard Passive Optical Networks GPON 1:32 Reach 10-20km

3. Extended Reach Passive Optical Networks Electronic regeneration cannot be used as it results in Preamble erosion due to burst mode locking time

4. Passive Optical Networks 1300nm backhaul transmitter 1310nm VOA1 SOA VOA2 20 nm filter receiver 1310nm VOA1 represents access loss – split plus some link loss VOA2 predominately trunk loss 1300 nm and 1.25/2.5 Gbit/s; dispersion neglected insertion loss α Significant ASE levels

5. Power Budget Simple linear model P in PIN or APD shot noise terms thermal noise receiver Noise Figure pin

6. Power Budget Simple linear model P in PIN or APD shot noise terms thermal noise receiver Noise Figure APD APD Multiplication and Noise Factor

7. SNR modified to account for ER of transmitter – at best 10 dB Power Budget

8. Baseline calculations APD Neo Photonics PTB3J88-5638T-SC/PC+ pin – OCP- TRXAG1M data modelled for commercial pin/APD

9. Inclusion of Amplifier Build upon a model of the SNR to include the noise terms associated with amplifier

10. Extinction Ratio further degraded due to ASE transmitter 1310nm VOA1 SOA VOA2 20 nm filter receiver 1310nm insertion loss α Significant ASE levels 0v

11. APD based Receiver Assumptions –-28 dBm sensitivity for BTB un amplified with 10 dB ER –M=10 –thermal noise estimated to give sensitivity of -28dBm for 10 -10 BER (value specified on data sheets) –P sat of SOA +13 dBm –NF 7 dB

12. Amplified APD Receiver Baseline 0.8nm filter 10 nm filter 20 nm filter ER not considered

13. Influence of Optical Filtering

14. Post Amplifier Losses Position amplifier to compensate for splitting and reach losses SOA P sat limited to +13 dBm Gain adjusted accordingly Splitter (Access) loss SOA Backhaul 20 nm filter OLT receiver 1310nm insertion loss α ONT

15. System Power Margins pre-amp marginbooster margin mid span margin benefit GPON

16. Margin Enhancement for Amplified GPON 128 split

17. 64 split 128 split 32 Split 64 Split 512 Split Psat limited Gain limited NF limited GPON: 32 split Distance versus number of users for each case

18. Experiment VOA SOA VOAl Channel Drop OSA (filter) 1300 nm receiver 1300 tx

19. Experimental Validation

20. Constant BER curve with filter width

21. Experimental Margin Enhancement

22. Conclusions Number of users and backhaul distance can be considerably increased by using SOA based amplification Required SOA specification depends on placement within network A single SOA cannot meet these requirements Variable gain clamping schemes? Key Publications Russell P. Davey, Daniel B. Grossman, Michael Rasztovits-Wiech, David B. Payne, Derek Nesset, A. E. Kelly, Albert Rafel, Shamil Appathurai, and Sheng-Hui Yang Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 273-291 February 2009 (invited tutorial paper) High Performance Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Modules at 1300nmA.E.Kelly, C.Michie, I.Armstrong, I.Andonovic, C. Tombling, J.McGeough and B.C.Thomsen, Photon.Tech.Lett, Vol.18, No.24, pp 2674-2676, 2006 The Dynamic Gain Modulation Performance of Adjustable Gain-Clamped Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (AGC-SOA) Liu, L. Michie, C. Kelly, A. E. Andonovic, I., Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume: 29 Issue: 22 pp 3483 – 3489, 2011.