1. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 1/30 Research at Parma University in Optical Communications and Networks Alberto Bononi Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellInformazione, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181A, 43100 Parma, Italy e-mail: bononi@tlc.unipr.it Gain Dynamics in Optical Amplifiers WDM Long-Haul Design

2. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 2/30 Gain Dynamics in Optical Amplifiers ( Collaboration with Laval University, Québec, Canada )

3. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 3/30 Scenario

4. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 4/30 Saturation-induced Gain Dynamics

5. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 5/30 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers r = number of excited ions in EDFA x = r/r max average inversion x Y. Sun et al. JSAQE Aug 97 A. Bononi et al. JLT May 98Gain = fluorescence time (10 ms) = fluorescence time (10 ms) Q = signal and pump fluxes [photons/sec]

6. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 6/30 S. Novak et al. JLT June 02

7. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 7/30

8. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 8/30 x

9. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 9/30 Gain Clamping

10. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 10/30 Gain Clamping A. Bononi et al. JLT July 99

11. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 11/30 M. Karasek et al. JLT March 00

12. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 12/30 M. Karasek et al. JLT March 00

13. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 13/30 A. Bononi et al. OFC 02 Pump attenuation Walk-off Pump depletion % Raman Amplifiers

14. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 14/30 Raman Amplifiers A. Bononi et al. OFC 03

15. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 15/30 A. Bononi et al. OFT 04 (91-123) Ultra-wide bandwidth Raman 10 pumps, 80 WDM channels ON/OFF modulated Dynamic error < 0.3 dB Computation time on a laptop: model: 2 min; exact: 2 hours!

16. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 16/30 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers G. P. Agrawal et al. JQE Nov 89

17. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 17/30 Gain Clamping Soulage et al., Alcatel, 1994 Soulage et al., Alcatel, 1994 Francis et al., Genoa, 2001 Francis et al., Genoa, 2001 GC-SOA LOA

18. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 18/30 2003 MIUR Project Wonder

19. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 19/30 WDM Long-Haul Design ( Collaboration with Alcatel, Marcoussis, France )

20. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 20/30 Scenario

21. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 21/30 DM long-haul Terrestrial Link zAzA A D Dispersion Map

22. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 22/30

23. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 23/30 Im[E] Re[E] Im[E] Re[E] P(t) t t P OOK-NRZ Signal 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 Nonlinear phase 1

24. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 24/30 Im[E] Re[E] In-phase ASE quadrature ASE Rx Field

25. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 25/30 ASE Spectrum P(t) t N0N0 PSD [dB] frequency f S i (f) S r (f) -4 0 4 8 frequency f Normalized PSD [dB] S r (f) S i (f) Parametric Gain P

26. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 26/30 Linear PG Model Red : quadrature ASE No pre-, post-comp. Blue: in-phase ASE »

27. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 27/30 Decision Threshold (in optical domain) Impact on BER

28. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 28/30 Failure of Linear PG Model At large end-line OSNR (25 dB/0.1 nm) good match between linear PG model (dashed) and Monte-Carlo simulations based on the beam propagation method (BPM) (solid, ~30 min simulation time per frame ) What happens at smaller OSNRs? avg =0.55 rad/ D=8 ps/nm/km

29. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 29/30 10 Gb/s single-channel NRZ system, 20 100 km, D=8 ps/nm/km, Din=0. Noiseless optimized Dpre, Dpost Standard analysis true value Nonlinear phase [rad/ ] 0.20.40.60.8 end-line OSNR=11 dB/0.1nm 10 12 1 8 Q Factor [dB] 6 14 0 Q factor [dB] log(BER) with FEC Uncoded CG Consequences on systems with FEC

30. Università di Parma Pisa, Nov. 29, 2005 A. Bononi, 2nd Korea-Italy S&T Forum 30/30 Conclusion I provided a few samples of our recent research collaborations on the design of the physical layer of optical networks. More information can be found on our web site: www.tlc.unipr.it