1. Time Is there a clock anywhere?

2. Yesterday is but a memory Tomorrow is but a dream Today is the reality

3. As you read this sentence, from start to finish, you may or may not recognize the flow of time. Did time really flow, or was that just an illusion?

4. Is the future open and changeable, until it becomes the present?

5. Is the past really fixed?

6. J.R.R. Tolkien said that there were different levels of reality. One level of reality is that of a past which really did happen, even though it may or may not be known.

7. J.R.R. Tolkien said that there were different levels of reality. One level of reality is that of a past which really did happen, even though it may or may not be known. Another (second) level of reality is that which is known (or believed) by everyone, even though conflicts with the first level of reality.

8. J.R.R. Tolkien said that there were different levels of reality. One level of reality is that of a past which really did happen, even though it may or may not be known. Another (second) level of reality is that which is known (or believed) by everyone, even though conflicts with the first level of reality. J.R.R. Tolkien believed that the second level of reality was the only one that had validity.

9. Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity suggest that there is no one single piece of time, and that all moments are equally real.

10. Is time fundamentally real? An analogy is this…is a chair fundamentally real?

11. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of

12. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of Starches, Proteins, Sugars, which are made of

13. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of Starches, Proteins, Sugars, which are made of Polypeptides, which are made of

14. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of Starches, Proteins, Sugars, which are made of Polypeptides, which are made of Compounds of elements, which are made of

15. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of Starches, Proteins, Sugars, which are made of Polypeptides, which are made of Compounds of elements, which are made of Atoms, which are made of Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, which are made of

16. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of Starches, Proteins, Sugars, which are made of Polypeptides, which are made of Compounds of elements, which are made of Atoms, which are made of Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, which are made of Quarks, and Empty space, which are made of

17. A chair ~ certainly looks, feels, smells, and acts real. Is is made of Wood and leather, which is made of Starches, Proteins, Sugars, which are made of Polypeptides, which are made of Compounds of elements, which are made of Atoms, which are made of Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, which are made of Quarks, and Empty space, which are made of Strings of energy, and nothing …. Which is not a chair on a fundamental level

18. This is another quark. This is his glamour shot.

19. Make time, or get rid of it. Sir Issac Newton had three great laws 1.Things like to keep doing, what they are already doing, in straight line.

20. Make time, or get rid of it. Sir Issac Newton had three great laws 1.Things like to keep doing, what they are already doing, in straight line. 2.Force equals Mass times Acceleration

21. Make time, or get rid of it. Sir Issac Newton had three great laws 1.Things like to keep doing, what they are already doing, in straight line. 2.Force equals Mass times Acceleration 3.Each action has an equal and opposite reaction

22. Make time, or get rid of it. Sir Issac Newton had three great laws 1.Things like to keep doing, what they are already doing, in straight line. 2.Force equals Mass times Acceleration 3.Each action has an equal and opposite reaction With this…everyone had to agree that there was a sequence of events Example with the equation force = mass x acceleration. 1.An object is given a mass of 10 kg. 2.The object is given a velocity (say zero) 3.A force is applied 4.The object accelerates There is a flow to the sequence of events. Time gives it an order. The object cannot accelerate BEFORE the force is applied

23. Time must also have an idea, or a notion, or duration. An example is that Tony and Tina both left home for 3 hours. In order for them to meet back at the same time, an hour has to mean the same thing to both of them. An example is that Tyson is going to eat 25 chicken wings in one hour. Time has to endure for an hour to find his wing eating rate. In order to find the rate, time has to endure, even though it is in the past.

24. Newton said (but not in so many words), that the world exists within the confines of an enormous clock, and everybody works within that clock. That “clock” said, if Newton is correct, that time a.Has order

25. Newton said (but not in so many words), that the world exists within the confines of an enormous clock, and everybody works within that clock. That “clock” said, if Newton is correct, that time a.Has order b.Has continuity

26. Newton said (but not in so many words), that the world exists within the confines of an enormous clock, and everybody works within that clock. That “clock” said, if Newton is correct, that time a.Has order b.Has continuity c.Has duration

27. Newton said (but not in so many words), that the world exists within the confines of an enormous clock, and everybody works within that clock. That “clock” said, if Newton is correct, that time a.Has order b.Has continuity c.Has duration d.Has simultaneity

28. Newton said (but not in so many words), that the world exists within the confines of an enormous clock, and everybody works within that clock. That “clock” said, if Newton is correct, that time a.Has order b.Has continuity c.Has duration d.Has simultaneity e.Has flow

29. Newton said (but not in so many words), that the world exists within the confines of an enormous clock, and everybody works within that clock. That “clock” said, if Newton is correct, that time a.Has order b.Has continuity c.Has duration d.Has simultaneity e.Has flow f.Has duration Taken as a whole, this is called “time”.

30. Assaults on the castle time. Ludwig Boltzmann (an Austrian) reasoned, and proved, that Newton’s equations worked equally well going forward or backward in time, so time must not have a built in arrow.

31. Assaults on the castle time. Einstein showed, in his special theory of relativity, that 1.What two people are doing at the same time depends upon the speed at which they are moving. 2.Events don’t happen in a place or at a certain time, but they happen in a union of space and time, called spacetime.

32. Assaults on the castle time. Einstein showed, in his general theory of relativity that …. 1.If the theory of special relativity, and spacetime put a heavy load on the idea of a master clock, called time, then the theory of general relativity crushed it. 2.The introduction of gravity as a distortion tool for time makes it impossible for any two clocks to be synchronized, even if they started out that way.

33. A summary of time, according to Einstien, would say that either a.There are no clocks in the universe or b.There are many clocks, and each works with only a very small part of the Universe, or to a particular object.

34. Quantum Time Quantum Mechanics says that, there are probablilities of different outcomes. 1.Time is that thing that makes the contradictions of probabilities happen. A rolled dice cannot have both the 3 and the 6 showing. Changes in quantum fluctions must be chromatic. 2.Quantum mechanics provides for quantum probabilities and possibilities for all of space at the same time. Entanglement implies “spooky action at a distance”, and is dependent upon a master universal clock. This is why Einstien hated, hated, hated quantum mechanics

35. Quantum mechanics, which is 1.Tested 2.Proven 3.Gives unerringly correct results 4.The basis for computers, light science and statistical experimentation needs for the Universe to have a Master Clock General relativity, which is 1.Tested 2.Proven 3.Gives unerringly correct results 4.The basis for nuclear physics, astronomy expressly forbids a Master Clock

36. Do we really need time? Time is a placekeepper, like dollar bills. Our class will let out in 375 heartbeats. Light travels 240,000,000 meters per beat

37. Schrodinger’s Cat If we get rid of time, it can be a.Dead with respect to itself b.Alive with respect to the person in the room c.Dead with respect to another person in the hallway The situation (life and death) of the cat is never resolved.