1. Introduction Tourette Scotland is a small voluntary organisation Mainly user led but professional advisors, and networks Aims and Objectives- Mainly Training Information and Support

2. Tourette Syndrome What is it? Tourette Scotland

3. Tourette Syndrome Have both motor (bodily) and vocal tics which have been present for a year or more. Wax and wane in nature Onset in childhood but is lifelong condition Not emotional in origin

4. TS Statistics 1 in 100 people (Stern 2005) Widely reported in ethnic groups Diagnosed more commonly in boys than in girls (1.5-3 times more common) Significantly under-diagnosed at present

5. Causes of TS Known to be hereditary/genetic link PANDAS (Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections Environmental Factors can exacerbate symptoms

6. What is a Tic? Motor Tics – Simple Eye blinking Head jerking Sticking tongue out Abdominal tensing Eye rolling Perineal tensing Facial grimacing Stretching any part Shoulder shrugging of the body

7. What is a Tic? Motor Tics – Complex Whole body jerking Hopping/Squatting Skipping Biting tongue/cheek Kissing hand/others Flapping hands Banging objects Licking self/others Smelling objects Hitting self

8. What is a Tic? Vocal Tics – Simple Throat clearing Grunting Animal noises Barking Coughing Spitting Squeaking Hissing Belching Whistling/Humming

9. Other Symptoms of TS Echolalia Palalalia Coprolalia Copropraxia Stuttering Apraxia

10. Associated Disorders OCD – Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (approx 75%) ADHD-Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (approx 60%) SLD – Specific Learning Difficulties

11. Associated Disorders Developmental Coordination Disorder Sensory Modulation Difficulties Autistic Spectrum Disorder

12. Is It TS or Naughtiness? Neurological condition and part of the individual personality. Suggestible Remember the tics are involuntary Boundaries still need to be set whilst making allowances

13. Controlling of tics Why some can and some can’t some of the time! Suppression can lead to outbursts and other problems (Rage Attacks) If highlight/confront (suggestibility) then can make symptoms worse

14. Lesser Know aspect of TS Polydipsia Trichotillomania Eating difficulties common Anxiety Depression Pain particularly in joints

15. Treatments Available Medication (side effects?) Habit Reversal Therapy Alternative Therapies Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Acceptance and understanding

16. Q & A Session Any Questions?

17. Summary of Discussion