1. 2.3 Spanish America The Spanish Empire  Council of the Indies (highest level)  This was the government in Spanish America  What did it do? oMade laws, judged legal cases, & appointed officials  Two (2) viceroys (royal governors) oPeru/Chile to Columbia oNew Spain (North America, Caribbean, Philippines) oTerritory run by elected officials oToo large a territory to manage well

2. What did Spain get from its empire?  Consisted of the former empires of the Aztec and Incas  Conquistadors- given right to explore from rulers and create settlements.  WON because, they didn’t have immunity to European diseases  Gold and Silver  Agricultural crops from Mexico

3. Governing of New Spain  Spanish Settlements (what you might find includes) oPueblos (towns- former Indian villages)  Trading posts & center of government oMissions (Priests)  What was their mission?  Convert Indians to Catholicism oPresidios  Military bases (Florida and Texas)  A type of fort built near missions

4. The Economy of New Spain  Encomienda System oGave Spanish the right to tax and demand labor from the Indians in exchange for teaching them Christianity and providing protection. oOften evolved into slavery (not the purpose)  Bartolome de Las Casas (missionary/priest) oSpoke out against Indian abuses  Slave Labor o1517 start of Plantations; system to raise crops oImportation of Africans (abused)

5. Expanding into the Borderlands  Florida and Georgia oGoals in doing so  Kick the French out (St. Augustine)  Expansion occurred slowly due to disease, pirates, and hostile Indians  Southwest oSanta Fe (1607) and El Paso first settlements  Goal was to spread Christianity  Met hostile Indians  Built El Camino Real (system of roads to connect the empire)

6. Colonial class structure  Peninsulars (upper class white; born in Spain)  Creoles (Spanish born in America)  Mestizos (born to Spanish and Indian parents)  Indians  Slaves