1. Retailing

2. What Is Retailing?
Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling products or services directly to final consumers for their personal or business use.
Most retailing is done by retailers, but nonstore retailing has recently grown substantially.

3. Classification of Types of Retailers
Retailers are classified based on:
Level of service they offer.
Breadth and depth of product lines.
Relative prices charged.
How they are organized.

4. Level of Service Classification
Self-Service Retailers:
Serve customers who are willing to perform their own “locate-compare-select” process to save money.
Limited-Service Retailers:
Provide more sales assistance because they carry more shopping goods about which customers need information.
Full-Service Retailers:
Usually carry more specialty goods for which customers like to be “waited on.”

5. Product Line Classification
Specialty stores
Department stores
Supermarkets
Convenience stores
Superstores
Category killers
Supercenters
Hypermarkets

6. Product Line Classification
Specialty stores
Carry narrow product lines with deep assortments within those lines.
Department stores
Carry a wide variety of product lines – typically clothing, home furnishings, and household goods. Each product line is operated by a separate department managed by specialist buyers or merchandisers.

7. Specialty Stores
The Gap’s product lines are limited to clothing and accessories for men, women, kids, and babies. In addition to regular sizes, petite and tall sizes are available in a variety of clothing items.

8. Product Line Classification
Supermarkets
Large, low-cost, low-margin, high-volume, self-service store that carries a wide variety of food, laundry, and household products.
Convenience stores
Small stores located near residential areas that are open long hours 7 days a week and carry a limited line of high-turnover convenience goods.

9. Superstores
Larger than regular supermarkets and offer a large assortment of routinely purchased food products, nonfood items, and services.
Category Killers
Giant specialty stores that carry a very deep assortment of a particular line and are staffed by knowledgeable employees.
Supercenters
Large combination discount and grocery stores.
Hypermarkets
Gigantic supercenters the size of 6 football fields.

16. Relative Prices Classification
Discount stores
Off-price retailers
Independent off-price retailers
Factory outlets
Factory outlet malls
Value-retail centers
Warehouse club

17. Discount Stores
A retail institution that sells standard merchandise at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling at higher volume.
Wal-Mart is such a successful discounter that they now sell more toys than category killer Toys ‘R Us.

19. Relative Prices Classification
Off-price Retailers
Independent Off-price Retailers:
Either owned and run by entrepreneurs or as a division of a larger retail operation.
Factory Outlets:
Owned and operated by a manufacturer. Normally carries the manufacturer’s surplus, discontinued, or irregular goods.
Warehouse Club:
Sells a limited selection of brand-name grocery items, appliances, clothing, and a hodgepodge of other goods at deep discounts to members who pay annual membership fees.

20. Factory Outlet Malls
Factory outlet malls and value-retail centers have blossomed in recent years, making them one of the hottest growth areas in retailing.

21. Retailer Marketing Decisions

22. Amazon Targets Its Market
Online retailer Amazon uses a sophisticated database to track customer purchases and individually target buyers by suggesting other items that fit past purchase profiles.

23. Assortment and Service Decisions
Product assortment
Should differentiate the retailer while matching target shoppers’ expectations.
Services mix
Another opportunity for differentiation.
Store atmosphere
Physical layout can help/hinder shopping.
Experiential retailing helps sell goods.
Unusual, exciting shopping environments are becoming more common.

24. Experiential Retailing
Mall of America pioneered the experiential retailing concept and remains the #1 retail tourist attraction in the nation.

25. Price and Promotion Decisions
Pricing:
Must fit its target market and positioning, product and service assortment, and competition.
Promotion:
Can use any or all of the promotion tools—advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing—to reach consumers.
Place:
Retailers can locate in central business districts, various types of shopping centers, strip malls, or power centers.
Location is the key to success.

26. Types of Shopping Centers
Regional shopping center or mall
Community shopping center
Neighborhood shopping center (strip mall)
Power center
Megamalls
Lifestyle centers

27. The Future of Retailing
New Retail Forms and Shortening Retail Life Cycles
Growth of Nonstore Retailing
Retail Convergence
Rise of the Megaretailers
Growing Importance of Retail Technology
Global Expansion of Major Retailers
Retail Stores as “Communities” or “Hangouts”