1. PACIFIER VS. CONDOM PLAN YOUR FAMILY

3.  China and India together have about 37 % of the worlds population  In 2006 ▪ Chinas population = 1.3 billion ▪ India’s population = 1.1 billion  China fertility rate began declining 2 decades ago  India’s fertility rate start declining more recently  Both countries have reduced their fertility rates through government driven POPULATION CONTROL measures, but China’s approach has been more recently

4.  India’s effort to control the growth of its population have had only moderate success  India has decreased from 6 children per women to about 3 children per woman  The population growth rate however, has remained almost unchanged  Although birth rate has decline, so had death rate

5.  Until 1921, India’s population was relatively stable  At this time, population began to increase as a result of sanitation programs and famine - and epidemic control measures  It population exceeded 1 billion in 2000 and growth continues to the present day

6.  India’s population policies and programs have gone though 6 phases: Phase 1: Clinic Approach  Clinics encourage family planning through contraception and sterilization Phase 2: Target Oriented Sterilization #1  Target numbers for vasectomies and contraceptive distribution had to be met Phase 3: Target Oriented Sterilization #2  Vasectomies were the main form of population control

7. Phase 4: Coercive Approach  Force people to do things against their will  Family planning was mandatory and families were restricted to 3 children Phase 5: Backlash and Recovery  Major backlash occurred again coercive family planning  Mandatory sterilization was dropped in 1977  Emphasis was put on education, voluntary contraception and child survival programs Phase 6: Reproductive and Child Health Approach  Adopts heath services aimed at achieving a fertility level of 2.1 children per woman by 2010

8.  These have not been successful everywhere :  Partly because they were insensitive to the enormous cultural, religious and economic differences within the country  India’s TARGET-DRIVEN policies did not focus on sustainable birth rate reductions  Female sterilization is now the most popular method of family planning  Although the use of contraceptives has increased, the birth control pill and IUD are widely mistrusted by women because of its side affects  These methods are used today only by small proportion of India’s Population  There is still need to improve services to deliver these choices to couples

9.  One of the significant impacts of India’s population control policies is the gender gap  Gender gap refers to the abnormally high ratio of male births to female WHAT CAUSES THIS?  Indian families prefer males because: ▪ Boys remain in the family home after marrying to support and care for aging parents ▪ Boys supply farm labour and work in family businesses ▪ They carry about the family name, conduct religious rites when parents die

10.  The gender gap is widening  In the past female infanticide (killing new borns) and withholding health care resulted in the deaths of girls  Mid 1980s- the focus changed to aborting female fetus  The number of aborted girls from 1978-1998= 10 million  1994- Indian government passed a law making it illegal for ultrasound operators to tell families gender of fetus  The use of ultra sounds to determine gender is still wide spread

11.  “Save a Girl child” campaign:  Introduced to improve the status of women, to encourage parent to value female children and to highlight achievements of young girls  To enhance the value of girls, the government chose a baby girl as “India’s” billionth baby on May 11, 2000  Some even implemented their own campaigns:  Delhi developed a “Girl Child Protection Scheme”

12.  A study estimated that India has about 882 girls for every 1000 boys.  Consequence= profound  Men wishing to marry have to travel farther from their villages, marry women from differ socio economic groups, and look outside the country  Perhaps the shortage of women will increase women’s status and society will pay more attention to women’s education, economic development and health

13. Translation: Why only a boy? Are these not girls?

16.  China has an enormous population problem  2006, In spite of drastic efforts to limit population growth, China had 1.3 billion in a land area that is a little smaller than Canada's!  Mid 1950- Communist government of china decided to take dramatic steps to control population growth

17. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)  Food production dropped drastically  Death rate skyrocketed due to food shortages  Population declined for a short period of time 1962  Food supply improved  Birth rates and death rates returned to their previous levels 1966-1976  Little was done to address population growth

18. One-Child Policy 1970-Present  Introduced as a temporary measure to curb population growth  A woman who becomes pregnant without permission may face a large fine or an abortion  “Granny police”  Sterilization is encouraged and in some cases required  Couples who do not follow the one child policy may be shunned by society  2002- stronger legislation  Population and family planning must proceed with educating women, providing jobs and improving health  Having more than one child is considered a criminal act punishable by a fine  Post 2002- many women are having more children and are facing the fine  2008, there are indications the one-child policy may be revised

19.  The policies enacted by the Chinese government at that time, as part of the Great Leap Forward and later on the form of the One-Child policy, has profound effects on the country’s population  Chinese officials claim that the one-child policy has prevented 400 million births  Fertility rate has decreased from 5.8 children per women in 1970 to 1.8 children per woman in 2007  Seems to be effective, but the costs has been great

20.  Gender gap is increasing  Estimated 3.5 million girls were killed over a 10 year period  Policies to ensure the equality of women and to improve education of girls have been implemented in an effort to rectify the gender imbalance  Shortage of women is causing parents to value their female babies more than in the past  By 2020 40 mill Chinese men will be unable to marry because not enough women will be available  This could lead to kidnapping and trafficking in women

21. Translation: Up agricultural production, down population increase

24.  There has been considerable success in both China and India  Both have success bringing in reductions in fertility by using government- driven population-control measures  China’s policies have been more successful than India’s

25.  Get back into your original Spaceship groups!  You are now faced with the task of creating a national campaign to raise awareness of population growth and targeting the issue of favoritism of boys  Ensure you have a key message/slogan to get across to your target audience!  You will present this at the end of class