1. CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER 3

2. DISCUSSION Why do we have two names?
Choose a first name that you hear often. Make a list of all the people you know who have the same first name. Can you see why a two-name system is needed?
THINK ABOUT YOUR CLOSET – HOW IS IT ARRANGED?

3. WHY DO WE CLASSIFY?
Classify – group things together based on similarities * Why: easier to find show how they share certain traits (trait is a feature that a thing has) Organisms are classified by their: *physical structure (how the look) *evolutionary relationships *embryonic similarities (embryos) *genetic similarities (DNA) *biochemical similarities Biologist have a system for grouping living things. Each living thing has a specific name that biologists all over the world understand.

4. DO NOW!!!! What is meant by a trait? Give two examples of traits.
Give an example of something at school that is classified.
Give two reasons why things are classified.

5. EARLY CLASSIFICATION
Aristotle – Greek scientist was one of the first people to classify living things.
Living things fit into two main groups:
Plant and Animal
He next divided them into three groups based on where the animals live
* Water * Land * Air (fly)
Grouping Plants based on size and pattern of growth. He based this on Tall, Medium and Small.

7. Modern Classification
Scientists found more and more living things. Many did not fit into Aristotle’s system.
Can anyone give us an example?
In 1735 Carolus Linnaeus developed a new classification system.
He placed living things into two main categories – he called them KINGDOMS PLANTS ANIMALS
Kingdom – is the largest group of living things
He placed living things with similar traits into the same group and called this group a species.
Linnaeus made a number of important changes:
1. He classified plants and animals into more groups
2. He based his system on specific traits
3. He gave organisms names that described their traits. These names had two parts. All living things still have two part names.

8. Classification System
Today there are seven groups for classifying organisms.
Kingdom
Phylum – the largest group within a kingdom
Class – the largest group within a phylum
Orders – the largest group within a class
Family – the largest group within an order
Genus – the largest group within a family
Species – the smallest group of living things
MNEMONIC DEVICE:
King Phillip came over for good strawberries.

10. Comparing classification groups and address information
Kingdom Largest country
Phylum state
Class counties
Order town
Family neighborhood
Genus street
Species Smallest house number

11. Group Group Name Group Trait
Scientists look at traits to determine which groups an organism belongs to.
Living things that are closely related are in many of the same classification groups.
Group Group Name Group Trait
Kingdom Animal Has many cells;eats food
Phylum Chordate Rodlike structure along the back for support
Class Mammal Nurses young; has hair
Order Carnivore Eats flesh; has large teeth
Family Felidae Sharp claws; large eyes
Genus Felis Small cats
Species Catus Tame

12. CLASSIFICATION:
Can be based on a living thing’s ancestors similar body structures often show that living things have common ancestors
Another way to group living things is by body chemistry

13. Scientific Names Come from Classification
Scientific name – the genus and species names together make this up
Living things are classified down to genus and species
Cat Felis catus
Genus is ALWAYS capitalized
Wolf Canis lupus

14. Why are Scientific Names Used?
No mistake can be made about which a living thing is described
Scientific names seldom change
Scientific names are written in the same language around the world Latin is used because it does not change

15. Five Kingdom Classification
Early scientists grouped living things into two kingdoms – plant and animal
A new system of classification was needed to group all the living things being discovered.
Today most scientists use this system to classify living things into five kingdoms.

16. FIVE KINGDOMS
Monerans – one celled organism with no nucleus lack most cell parts
Protists – single celled organisms that have a nucleus and other cell parts
Fungi – have cell walls and absorb food from their surroundings. CANNOT MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD
Plants – made up of many cells, have chlorophyll and CAN make up their own food, CAN’T MOVE
Animals – organisms that have many cells, CAN’T MAKE their own food and CAN move
Mnemonic Device:

18. seven groups – kingdom, phylum, class, order, family
genus, species
evidence – same ancestors, similar body structure,
body chemistry
Modern organisms given two part scientific name
Classification
Kingdoms – moneran, protist, fungus, plant, animal

19. DO NOW!!!!
How is similarity in body structure used to classify living things?
Give two reasons why scientists use scientific names.
What are five kingdoms recognized today in classification?