1. CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes
You will identify factors that limit the existence of species to certain areas.
You will describe how and why different communities form.
You will compare and contrast biomes of the planet earth

2. LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY
Communities are interacting populations of different species.
Abiotic and biotic factors interact and result in conditions that are suitable for life for some organisms and unsuitable for other organisms
Biotic - living factors
Abiotic - nonliving factors

3. LIMITING FACTORS ---- FOOD ---- PREDATORS ---- TEMPERATURE
Environmental factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive its environment.
---- FOOD
---- PREDATORS
---- TEMPERATURE
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distributions of organisms.

4. Range Of Tolerance
The ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic an abiotic environmental factors.
For example:
A range of temperatures
A difference of soil types
Amount of sunlight
Elevation

5. SUCCESSION As the land changes
Changes over time
Orderly, natural changes
Species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem.

6. Stages of Succession
Different species at different stages create conditions that are suitable for some organisms and not suitable for others.
Two types of succession:
Primary succession
Secondary succession

7. Primary Succession Colonization of new sites by communities of organisms.
First species in an area are called pioneer plants
Example: Lichen
A stable mature community that undergoes little or no change in species is a climax community

8. Secondary Succession
Community changes that take place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human actions
Lightning or flood
Farmer abandoning a field

9. ECOSYSTEMS THAT HAVE SIMILIAR KINDS OF CLIMAX COMMUNITIES.
LAND BIOMES: TERRESTRIAL BIOMES
LAKE, STREAMS, OCEANS: AQUATIC BIOMES

10. Aquatic Biomes Life in the Water
Marine Biomes
Separate marine biomes into:
Shallow
Sunlit zones
Deeper
Unlighted zones
Estuary: coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which freshwater and saltwater mix.

11. Marine Biome The Effects of Tides Twice a day
Intertidal zone: The portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tides.
Tide pools: Pools of water left when the water recedes at low tide, vary greatly in nutrients and oxygen levels from the ocean.
Much light but organisms have to contend with the crashing of waves.

14. Terrestrial Biomes

23. Key Terms Climax community Limiting factor
Primary succession Secondary succession
Aphotic zone Biome Desert
Estuary Grassland Tundra
Permafrost Photic zone Plankton
Taiga Temperate forest
Tropical rain forest Intertidal zone