1. PATHOLOGY

2. -is a bridging discipline involving both basic science and clinical practice and is devoted to the study of the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease.

3. PATHOLOGY -molecular, -microbiologic, -immunologic, -morphologic techniques Pathology explains the whys and wherefores of the signs and symptoms manifested by patients while providing a foundation for rational clinical care and therapy.

4. PATHOLOGY The four aspects of a disease process that form the core of pathology:

5. PATHOLOGY pathoMORPHOLOGY (morphology) the structural changes pathoPHYSIOLOGY (pathogenesis) the functional changes

6. PATHOLOGY is divided into: -general pathology -systemic pathology

7. PATHOLOGY general pathology (morphology) - hemodynamic disorders - cell injury, adaptation and death - inflammation - tissue renewal and repair - neoplasia

8. Hemodynamic disordres

9. Cell injury, adaptation and death

10. Inflammation

11. Tissue renewal and repair

12. Neoplasia

13. PATHOLOGY general pathology also includes - genetic disorders - diseases of immunity - infectious diseases - environmental and nutritional pathology - diseases of infancy and childhood

14. PATHOLOGY systemic pathology

15. the importance of the proper terminology what is the difference between: -neoplasm -tumour -cancer -carcinoma

16. PATHOMORPHOLOGY DEPARTMENT - element of the diagnostic and therapeutic structure of the hospital - scientific department - teaching department

17. PATHOMORPHOLOGY DEPARTMENT -histopathology -cytopathology -post-mortem diagnostics

18. sampling approaches

19. clinical data clinicians tend to underestimate the value of the clinical data

20. - selection of an appropriate site and method for the biopsy - appropriate preservation of the specimen

21. appropriate preservation of the specimen

22. quick-frozen sections

23. Immunohistochemistry (specific mono- and polyclonal antibodies)

24. determination of site of origin of metastatic tumors

25. detection of molecules that have prognostic or therapeutic significance

26. pathomorphological autopsies vs forensic autopsies

27. CASE STUDY: 21 y.o. woman collapsed at work clinical symptoms noticed by co-workers: -pale, diaphoretic skin -rapid pulse -mental status- confused

28. Hemodynamic disorders the following part of the lecture covers only chosen aspects of hemodynamic diorders

29. Hemodynamic disorders -hemorrhage -hyperemia and congestion -embolism -infarction -edema -shock -pathology of hemostasis

30. Guidelines for learning: -definition -etiology -pathogenesis -morphologic changes -gross and microscopic features -classification -natural history -complications -clinical significance -influence of the diagnosis on therapy and prognosis for the patient

31. Hemorrhage definition

32. Hemorrhage etiology

33. Petechiae

34. Purpura

35. Ecchymoses

36. Hematoma (!)

37. Hemorrhage complications

38. Hyperemia

39. Congestion

40. Acute hepatic congestion

41. Chronic passive congestion of the liver

42. Acute pulmonary congestion

43. Chronic pulmonary congestion

44. Hemostasis and Thrombosis

45. Thrombosis:

46. Thrombosis pathogenesis:

47. Thrombi

48. Fate of the thrombus

49. Thrombus vs. blood clot

50. Embolism

51. biologically active:

52. Infarction (infarct)