1. Pathophysiology

2. Chapter 1(1) Introduction

3. What is pathophysiology?
A subject to explore the rule of origin and evolution of disease processes and the fundamental mechanisms.

4. Difference from Physiology
Also named:
Physiopathology
Physiology of Disease
Physiology of Disordered Function

5. Difference from Pathology
Pathology emphasizes the structural changes
Pathophysiology focuses on the functional and metabolic alterations and
the mechanisms

6. The Methodologies Used in Pathophysiology
Traditionally, limited in systemic or organic levels.
Now, more methods

7. Why is Pathophysiology Important?
As a bridge not between the basic science and diseases but various basic sciences .
Enabling the students, clinicians and other practitioners to understand why and how diseases develop and various
clinical manifestations appear,
and what are the fundamental
mechanisms.

8. How the Teaching of Pathophysiology is Arranged?
Introduction
Fundamental pathological processes
Organic pathophysiology
Cellular and molecular pathophysiology

9. Major Points in Learning Pathophysiology
The general concepts
The etiology and pathogenesis
The alterations in metabolism and functions
The principles for the prevention and therapies

10. How to Learn Pathophysiology?
Grasp the major points
Use dialectical thinking and methods
Selectively review related knowledge learned previously
Pay attention to experimental courses
Pay attention to clinical practices

11. Conspectus of Disease

12. Concept of Disease
Disease is referred as aberrant manifestation of deregulated homeostasis caused by harmful agents.
The development of a disease is definitely a pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms involved in the whole body or any of its parts.

13. Concept of Health
Health is the state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.
The definition of health from WHO:
Health indicates not only without any
evidence of disease, but also a state of
complete well-being physically,
psychologically and socially.

14. Etiology of disease
Etiology is used to study the causative agents including microorganisms, environmental, social factors and personal habits as contributing factors that causes disease.
Answer the question why
disease happens.

15. Etiological factors Extrinsic Factors Biological agents
Chemical agents
Physical agents
Nutritional imbalance

16. Etiological factors Intrinsic Factors Genetic factors
Congenital factors
Immunological factors
Psychological factors

17. Predisposing factors Genetic constitution Physiological diathesis
Psychological characteristics

18. Precipitating Factors
Natural conditions
Physical condition
Social condition

19. Pathogenesis of disease
Disruption of homeostasis
Process of damage and anti-damage
Reversal role of cause and result
Correlation between systemic and local regulations

20. Outcome of disease
Complete recovery
Incomplete recovery
Death

21. Brain Death (WHO criteria )
Cessation of spontaneous respiration
Irreversible coma
Absence of cephalic reflexes and dilated pupils
Absence of any electrical activity of the brain
Absence of brain blood flow

22. Thanks