1. Types of sentences Grammar Lesson 5

2. Notes: Types of sentences: Simple sentence: One independent clause Compound sentence: Two or more independent clauses Complex sentence: One (or more) dependent clause and one independent clause Compound/complex sentence: Two (or more) independent clauses and one (or more) dependent clause

3. Simple sentence One independent clause. Examples: I am happy. You are funny. We are singing. I want a puppy. Ms. Riese loves cake.

4. Compound sentence Two independent clauses Two independent clauses are typically joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). Examples: Ms. Riese loves cake, so she will get some. I want a puppy, but management won’t allow it. Two independent clauses can also be joined by a semicolon. Examples: Ms. Riese loves cake; Ms. Prater does, too. I want a puppy; my roommate does not.

5. Complex sentence One (or more) dependent clause and one independent clause. Examples: I want a puppy because I am lonely. Since Ms. Riese loves cake, she will eat some.

6. Compound complex sentences Two (or more) independent clauses and one (or more) dependent clause. Examples: I can’t have a pet because my apartment is too small; I would have to move. I like cockapoos, but my roommate likes pit bulls because they are lovable. Ms. Riese wants cake because she is hungry, but she cannot spare the calories.

7. Exercise 1 The following are all compound sentences. Underline the independent clauses. Put a box around the coordinating conjunctions or the semicolon. Then, write out the equation of the sentence. For example: Ms. Riese loves cake, so she will get some. Independent clause + comma + coordinating conjunction + independent clause Ms. Riese loves cake; Ms. Prater does, too. Independent clause + semicolon + independent clause

8. Let’s try some examples The Kite Runner is a great book; it reveals the goodness in human nature, but it also depicts the chaos of war. Ms. Riese and Mr. Breunig create grammar worksheets, but they want students to examine grammar in their own writing as well; proper grammar adds clarity.

9. A few more… Ms. Meyers is a wonderful principal, and the teachers like her very much; she is very effective. Cake is delicious, but I can’t eat too much; I don’t like having an upset stomach.

10. Exercise 2 Identify whether the following sentences are simple or compound. Underline all of the independent clauses. Put a box around the coordinating conjunctions or semicolons. For example: Mrs. Fandrey and I like to go shopping at the mall. Simple sentence (one independent clause) Mr. Breunig likes to go shopping at REI, but Mrs. Fandrey and I prefer to shop at Boston Store. Compound sentence (two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction) Mr. Breunig prefers to shop at REI; Ms. Prater enjoys Francesca’s. Compound sentence (two independent clauses joined by a semicolon)

11. Let’s try some examples Puppies are cute, but they require so much maintenance. I don’t need that kind of stress in my life. Mrs. Fandrey has a puppy, and she likes it when it behaves.

12. A few more… Ms. Prater would get a dog, but her sister already has one. Mr. Breunig has a dog. Ms. Riese doesn’t have a dog, and she would like to get one soon.

13. Exercise 3 Identify whether the following sentences are simple or complex. Underline all independent clauses, circle all dependent clauses. Then, write out the equation of the sentence. Example: After they went to the mall, Mrs. Fandrey and Ms. Riese got some ice cream. Complex sentence. Dependent clause + independent clause. Mr. Breunig and Ms. Prater hang out because they are friends. Complex sentence. Independent clause (+ subordinating conjunction) + dependent clause. Ms. Riese and Mrs. Fandrey are friends. Simple sentence. Independent clause.

14. Let’s try some examples Because he wants his students to become skilled writers, Mr. Breunig is always trying new approaches to grammar instruction. Mrs. Fandrey is also a good teacher. Ms. Riese and Ms. Prater eat Q’doba in the summer because it is delicious.

15. A few more… Although Mr. Breunig enjoys teaching, he also loves fishing. Kittens on the Internet make me smile. Because Ms. Riese loves her students, she makes awesome PowerPoint presentations.

16. Exercise 4 Identify the sentence type. Then write out the equation of the sentence. Underline all independent clauses, circle all dependent clauses, and put boxes around all coordinating conjunctions and semicolons.

17. Let’s try some examples Because I work out after school, I don’t usually have time to cook dinner, so I go out to eat at McDonald’s. Sometimes I eat cake. I like cake; it is delicious.

18. A few more… Mrs. Fandrey and Ms. Prater teach English 10, but they also teach other classes, too. Mr. Breunig and Ms. Riese teach most of the 10th graders. Mrs. Fandrey and Mr. Breunig adore squirrels; Ms. Prater doesn’t mind them, but she pretends to love them because she knows Ms. Riese hates them.

19. The end Grammar is fun!