1. Cell Structure: Organelles
EQ: How are plant and animal cells alike and different?

2. Cells are everywhere. Even though most cells cannot be seen with the naked eye, they make up every living thing.
Your body contains trillions of cells.
Cells

3. Living cells are dynamic and have several things in common
They are all the smallest unit that is capable of carrying on life functions
They all have a cell membrane surrounding it and are filled with a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm.
They all have ribosomes and DNA
Common Cell Traits

4. Cell Types Prokaryotic An organism that is made of a single cell
No nucleus
They have a cell wall
Bacteria, Archea
Cell Types

5. Eukaryotic
Have a nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.
Anything not considered bacteria or archea are eukaryotic
Plants, animals, Fungi
Cell Types

6. Within a eukaryotic cell, there are structures called organelles.
Each organelle has its own specific job to do.
Analogy: City
Organelles are interdependent
Cell Organelles

7. Cell Wall Found only in plant cells
The outer layer of a plant cell, it is strong, and made of cellulose.
It supports and protects the plant.
It allows water and carbon dioxide to pass in and out of the cell.
“Wall of the City”
Cell Wall

8. Cell Membrane Found in both plant and animal cells.
Gives support and protection to the cell.
Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Barrier between the cell and its environment
Maintains homeostasis
“Gatekeeper”
Cell Membrane

9. Cytoplasm Found in both plant and animal cells Not a true organelle
Jelly-like material found inside the cell membrane.
It supports and protects the organelles.
Chemical reactions necessary to cell function occur here.
“Ground”
Cytoplasm

10. Vacuole Found in plant cells They are fluid-filled sacs.
They support the cell
They store water
They store digestive enzymes
“Storage Tank”
Vacuole

11. Chloroplast Found in plants only
Green, oval, usually contains chlorophyll.
Traps energy from the sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)
“Food Producer”
Chloroplast

12. Nucleus Found in both plant and animal cells
The control center of the cell
Contains the DNA
“City Hall”
Nucleus

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Found in both plant and animal cells
Extending from the nucleus to the cell membrane, it is a series of folded membranes
Processes substances
Moves substances
Rough ER makes proteins
Smooth ER make lipids and break down toxins
“Transportation Center”
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

14. Ribosomes Found in plant and animal cells Smallest organelle
Most common organelle
They are small bodies that are either free floating or attached to the ER
Make proteins
“Assembly Line”
Ribosomes

15. Mitochondria Found in both plant and animal cells
Bean-shaped with inner membranes
Breaks down sugar molecules
The broken down sugars are use for cellular respiration
Results in ATP (energy)
“Power Plant”
Mitochondria

16. Lysosome Found mainly in animal cells. Small, round and membrane-bound
Protects the cell from foreign invaders
Destroy worn out organelles
Gets rid of the waste
“Sewer System”
Lysosome

17. Golgi Complex Found in plant and animal cells.
Packages and distributes proteins and other materials out of the cell
“Packaging Factory”
Vesicles: “Packages”
Golgi Complex

18. Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Cells

19. The Organization of Living Things
Seventh Grade Science

20. In some ways, cells are like machines…

21. Each organelle is specialized, just as parts are specialized in a machine…..

22. But while most machines have many parts….
Some organisms exist as a single cell.
Other organisms have many --- even trillions of cells
Most cells are smaller than the period at the end of a sentence in your Science book.
Yet, every cell in every organism performs all the processes (transportation, protein production, waste disposal, etc) of life.
ARE THERE ANY ADVANTAGES TO BEING MULTICELLUAR????
But while most machines have many parts….

23. YES!!!! There are many benefits of being multicellular!
“Multi” means “many”
We are multicellular
Multicellular organisms grow by making new cells, not by making their cells larger.
YES!!!! There are many benefits of being multicellular!

24. Benefits of being multicellular
Larger size
While many multicellular organisms are small, they are larger than single-celled organisms
Larger organisms usually have fewer predators.
Larger predators can eat a wider variety of prey
Benefits of being multicellular

25. Benefits of being multicellular
Longer Life
The life span of a multicellular organism is not limited to the life span of any single cell
One cell = dead when cell dies
Multicells = longer life
Benefits of being multicellular

26. Benefits of being multicellular
Specialization
Each type of cell has a particular job.
This specialization makes the organism more efficient.
Cardiac muscle cells
Benefits of being multicellular

27. Cells Working Together

28. As you know, organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi complex make up cells.
Organelles Make Cells

29. And in turn, groups of cells make up tissues.

30. A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.
Animals have four basic types of tissues
Nerve tissue: reacts to stimuli
Muscle tissue: contract and move bones or muscle
Connective tissue: provides a framework and support for other tissues
Protective (Epithelial) tissue: provides protection (skin)
Cells make up tissues

31. Cells Make up Tissues Plants have three basic types of tissues
Transport (Vascular) tissue: move water and nutrients
Protective (Dermal) tissue: helps plant retain water and protects
Ground tissue: photosynthesis
Cells Make up Tissues

32. A structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job is called an organ.
Tissues make organs

33. Tissues make organs Your heart is an organ
Mostly made of cardiac tissue , but also contains nerve tissues and the tissues of your blood vessels.
They all work together to make your heart pump blood through your body
Tissues make organs

34. Tissues make organs Your stomach is also an organ
Muscle tissue makes food move in and through your stomach.
Special tissues make the chemicals that digest your food.
Connective tissues hold your stomach together
Nerve tissues carry the message to your brain to signal hunger or “fullness”.
Tissues make organs

35. Tissues Make Organs Animals Plants Intestines Brain Lungs Stems Roots
Leaves
Tissues Make Organs

36. A group of organs working together to perform a particular function is called an organ system
Each organ system has a specific job to do
Digestive System: break down food into smaller particles
Stomach
Intestines
Organs Make Systems

37. Systems make Organisms
All organ systems together make up an organism.
Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism.
Can be one-celled (unicellular)
Can be many celled (multicellular)
Systems make Organisms

38. Structure and Function
The arrangement of parts in an organism
The shape of the part
Materials the part is made of
Lungs: large, spongy sac
The job that part does
Lungs: bring air to the body
Structure and Function

39. Levels of Organization
Organelles make up cells
Cells make up tissues
Tissues make up organs
Organs make up organ systems
Systems make up organisms
Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Systems Organism
OCTOSO
Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems, Organism
Levels of Organization