1. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands

2. Key Terms/Vocabulary BorderlandPresidioPuebloFunctionConvertMission

4. Spanish Florida Spanish explorers reached Florida in the early 1500’sSpanish explorers reached Florida in the early 1500’s Built a fort called St. AugustineBuilt a fort called St. Augustine First permanent European settlement in USFirst permanent European settlement in US As English colonies spread south, Spanish control was threatenedAs English colonies spread south, Spanish control was threatened Enslaved Africans who escaped to Florida would be protectedEnslaved Africans who escaped to Florida would be protected Given land if helped protect the colonyGiven land if helped protect the colony

5. Spanish Borderlands Most important colonies were in Mexico and South AmericaMost important colonies were in Mexico and South America Territories north of Mexico were called borderlands: lands along a frontierTerritories north of Mexico were called borderlands: lands along a frontier Main function: purpose, proper use of borderlands was to protect Mexico from other European powersMain function: purpose, proper use of borderlands was to protect Mexico from other European powers Borderlands included:Borderlands included: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, CaliforniaTexas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California

6. Juan de Oñate Led an expedition into New Mexico in 1598Led an expedition into New Mexico in 1598 Aimed to find gold, to convert: to change from one religion to another Native Americans to Christianity, and to establish a permanent colonyAimed to find gold, to convert: to change from one religion to another Native Americans to Christianity, and to establish a permanent colony Spain’s first permanent settlement in Sante Fe regionSpain’s first permanent settlement in Sante Fe region Native Americans learned how to use horses, later rebelled and drove Spanish from the regionNative Americans learned how to use horses, later rebelled and drove Spanish from the region

7. Missions Roman Catholic missionaries played key role in colonizing borderlandsRoman Catholic missionaries played key role in colonizing borderlands Missions: religious settlements that aim to spread a religion into a new area, were established Missions: religious settlements that aim to spread a religion into a new area, were established Most important missions were in CaliforniaMost important missions were in California Junipero Serra played an important role, started missions in what is now San Diego, San Francisco, and Los AngelesJunipero Serra played an important role, started missions in what is now San Diego, San Francisco, and Los Angeles

8. Towns and Posts Spain also sent soldiers and set up presidios: military posts to defend the missionsSpain also sent soldiers and set up presidios: military posts to defend the missions Established pueblos: civilian towns which were the centers of farming and tradeEstablished pueblos: civilian towns which were the centers of farming and trade In the middle of town was a plaza, or public squareIn the middle of town was a plaza, or public square People could do business here or go to churchPeople could do business here or go to church

9. Life in the missions Thousands of Native Americans labored at the missionsThousands of Native Americans labored at the missions Farmed, built churches, learned wide range of craftsFarmed, built churches, learned wide range of crafts Weren’t over worked but did not have control over their livesWeren’t over worked but did not have control over their lives Punished harshly if violated mission rulesPunished harshly if violated mission rules Imprisoned and kept in shackles or whippedImprisoned and kept in shackles or whipped