1. APT for RPM Simplified package management for rpm based distributions INFN - Napoli 1 INFM - UDR Napoli 2 HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver Rosario Esposito 1 Francesco Maria Taurino 1,2 Gennaro Tortone 1

2. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver2 Linux strengths allowed this operating system to gain a central place in the IT market Package management played an important role in this process The Linux system’s coherency is assured maintaining databases of installed files. In this way installing or removing programs gets an easy task Nowadays only few programs are installed using source files Linux

3. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver3 In more widespread linux distributions, programs are distributed in binary RPM, DEB or modified TGZ formats RPM (RedHat Package Management) packages are used on RedHat, Mandrake, Suse, Conectiva DEB are used on the open source distribution Debian and its forks Modified TGZ are used on SlackWare Packages

4. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver4 Dependencies management is a very useful feature of package management software They keep systems in a consistent state and guarantee the applications to run in the expected way rpm or dpkg commands have limited dependencies management features They can report which library a package relies on, but the library can itself relies on other packages… Dependencies

5. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver5 System Administrator After installation, usually an os needs some updated packages Experiment Experiment software has to be installed on machines Grid Add grid programs to installed machines Scenarios

6. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver6 Installing a package “mod_test1” : # rpm -Uvh mod_test1-xxx.rpm error: failed dependencies: package-a1 is needed by mod_test1 # rpm -Uvh package-a1-xxxx.rpm error: failed dependencies: package-b2 is needed by package-a1 # rpm -Uvh package-b2-xxxx.rpm And so on… Dependencies - Example

7. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver7 Up2date – RedHat RedCarpet – Ximian YOU (YaST Online Update) – Suse YUP (YellowDog Updater) – YellowDog PPC Urpmi – Mandrake YUM (YellowDog Updater Modified) APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) – Debian (and rpm...) Some solutions

8. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver8 Up2date, RedCarpet, YOU and YUP solve the dependencies and upgrade problems for rpm. RedCarpet is also available for Debian They are bounded to RedHat, Ximian, Suse and YellowDog distribution servers, or their mirrors They require expensive software in order to create ad-hoc software repository, so if a package is not available on their repositories it’s not installable with these tools Typically they have an X or ncurses interface Usually they cannot be used in non-interactive way Up2date et al...

9. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver9

10. 10 Urpmi is a wrapper for the rpm commands Available only for Mandrake distributions It’s possible to use package repositories different from the Mandrake official ones It has a good graphical front-end, but all functions are also available in command line and in non- interactive mode There are several commands for various functions Urpmi (1/2)

11. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver11 Urpmi (2/2) urpmi.addmedia, urpmi.removemedia: add and remove a media used by urpmi urpmq : query the package database urpmf : search the packages which contain the given file name urpmi : package installation Automatic upgrade on a Mandrake machine # urpmi.update update_source ; urpmi --auto --auto-select --media update_source

12. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver12 YUM is a fresh project, based on YUP It’s written in python and exploits some portions of code of Anaconda, the RedHat installer With YUM you can create ad-hoc packages repositories Currently available only for RedHat Its logic is slightly different from APT YOUNG, BUT VERY POWERFUL… http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum YUM

13. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver13 APT is a system created in the Debian community to automatically manage the packages dependencies APT can install, remove and upgrade packages, managing dependencies and downloading the packages It’s a frontend to other tools, and it uses the underlying package management system, like the rpm or dpkg commands It’s able to fetch packages from several media (cdrom, ftp, http, nfs), and it can be used to create ad-hoc software repositories APT

14. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver14 APT – Using (1/3) [root]@[/] # apt-get install nautilus Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following extra packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 The following NEW packages will be installed: bonobo libmedusa0 libnautilus0 nautilus 0 packages upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 8329kB of archives. After unpacking 17.2MB will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

15. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver15 APT – Using (2/3) [root]@[/] # apt-get remove gnome-panel Reading Package Lists... Done Building Dependency Tree... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: gnome-applets gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 14.6MB will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

16. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver16 APT – Using (3/3) [root]@[/] # apt-cache search pdf kghostview - PostScript viewer for KDE tetex - The TeX text formatting system. xpdf - A PDF file viewer for the X Window System … [root]@[/] # apt-cache show xpdf … Filename: xpdf-1.00-3.i386.rpm Description: A PDF file viewer for the X Window System. Xpdf is an X Window System based viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF) files. Xpdf is a small and efficient program which uses standard X fonts.

17. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver17 Brazilian distribution Conectiva ported the apt system on its linux distribution, which uses rpm packages Apt is now available for all distributions using rpm, also thanks to the SourceForge project apt4rpm (http://apt4rpm.sourceforge.net) Some features of Debian apt are not yet available, like package priority or requests to change configuration files, because of some differences in deb and rpm format APT for RPM

18. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver18 Create the directory tree /RPMS.os, /RPMS.updates, /base (for apt specific files) Ex: /linux/apt/redhat/7.3/i386/RPMS.os In RPMS.os: copy the distribution rpms In RPMS.updates: copy the updates rpms Give the command genbasedir --topdir=/linux/apt --bloat --bz2only redhat/7.3/i386 os (for “os” section) genbasedir --topdir=/linux/apt --bloat --bz2only redhat/7.3/i386 updates (for “updates” section) APT – repository creation

19. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver19 Create an apache virtual host ServerName apt.na.infn.it DocumentRoot /linux/apt Options +Indexes The source.list file to access this repository is rpm http://apt.na.infn.it redhat/7.3/i386 os updates APT – repository source.list

20. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver20 We have an apt repository in our campus in Naples, accessible at http://apt.na.infn.it apt packages for RedHat 7.2, 7.3, 8 e 9 and corresponding sources.list files for os and updates are available on this site Updates rpms and apt lists are updated every night APT – Naples repository

21. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver21 YellowDog Linux PPC includes apt New RedHat beta distro includes apt Suse is plannig to include apt Some public repositories for RedHat www.freshrpms.net apt-rpm.tuxfamily.org apt.42h.de Distros and repositories

22. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver22 Apt simplifies package management on rpm based distributions, even on RedHat, most used distribution in HEP environments Systems update is possible with only two commands: # apt-get update; apt-get -y upgrade Using a local repository is possible to upgrade machines using no external links It is possible to include non standard packages in local repositories... APT - Benefits

23. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver23 We are developing a procedure to install the Grid-IT distribution on RedHat 7.3 with kickstart, APT and LCFGng Kickstart Unattended installations Known and well documented behaviour Perhaps more flexible than other tools APT Simplified package management Automatic package download to satisfy dependencies InGRID - Installing GRID (1/4)

24. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver24 LCFGng University of Edinburgh project to setup and maintain Unix systems It can configure many system files, execute scripts, create users, etc Client-server architecture to manage many systems from a single machine InGRID (2/4)

25. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver25 Installation“Gridification”Configuration RH Kickstart APT LCFGng InGRID (3/4)

26. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver26 We install a RH73 machine via kickstart Then we run a script # ingrid CEto install all computing element packages via APT After the first reboot LCFG customizes all configuration files This system is actually used to install grid resources in the INFN, INFM and Physics Department laboratories in Naples InGRID (4/4)

27. HEPiX/HEPNT 2003 – Vancouver27 Apt - http://packages.debian.org/apt Apt4rpm - http://apt4rpm.sourceforge.net FreshRPMS - http://www.freshrpms.net RedCarpet – http://www.ximian.com YUM - http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum LCFG – http://www.lcfg.org InGRID – http://people.na.infn.it/~taurino/pres/ingrid/ingrid.ppt (Italian only) References